冲突与融合:从媒介帝国主义到“新媒介帝国主义”  

Conflict and Fusion: from Media Imperialism to "New Media Imperialism"

作　　者：熊澄宇 郑玄[2] Xiong Chengyu;Zheng Xuan(Shanghai Jiaotong University;Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院 [2]清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京100084

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2022年第1期5-16,共12页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA107)。

摘　　要：随着数字化技术和新冠疫情的不断发展和变化,文化环境、社会结构和世界格局都在悄然发生改变,不同国家、地区和文化圈层之间的交流越发频繁和激烈。在这一时代背景下,如何去认识不同文明、文化的交融与碰撞,同时在顺应时代趋势、争取话语领导权的基础上共建"世界文化",成为当前学界的重要研究话题。媒介帝国主义作为国际传播中一种重要的批判性解释范式,对认识全球传播实践、分析西方霸权主义活动具有重要意义。这一研究范式在不同的时代背景下有着不同的时代内涵和研究导向,有很多学者基于不同的立场和视角展开深入分析,大体经历了从媒体强大效果论到有限效果论的转向、从文明冲突论到文化交融论的转向和从文化殖民论到媒介民主化的转向。媒介帝国主义理论多次被学界重提和反复讨论,本质在于它是促进我们认识复杂的全球文化大流动活动的一种有力手段。基于对媒介帝国主义历史研究的溯源,对其研究范式的演变历程进行归纳总结,总体看来经过了帝国主义范式、全球化范式和多元化范式的演变。通过对媒介帝国主义的历史过程、研究转向进行梳理,同时结合时下全球媒介发展实践,发现媒介帝国主义在向"新媒介帝国主义"演化,所倡导的"核心-边缘"模式已经转变成为分散、多元和浮动的"全球联动-区域主导"的多级市场模式。新媒介帝国主义这种范式摒弃了"核心-边缘"的主导范式和帝国范式,本质上强调参与式范式,尤其关注不同主体在技术、资本和市场作用下产生的共建活动。新媒介帝国主义的理论范式可以被用来研究由跨国公司和技术巨头而非主权国家主导的全球性和区域性的文化扩张活动。这一视角可以帮助分析数字化时代的全球媒介资本和技术巨头在文化交流、媒介扩张等活动中的行动逻辑,以更好地去�With the continuous development and changes of digital technology and the Covid-2019, the cultural environment, social structure and world structure are quietly changing, and exchanges between different countries, regions and cultural circles have become more frequent and intense. In the background of this era, how to understand the blending and collision of different civilizations and cultures, and at the same time, to co-build "world culture" on the basis of conforming to the trend of the times and striving for discourse leadership have become an important research topic in the current academic circles. As an important critical paradigm in international communication, media imperialism is of great significance for understanding global communication practices and analyzing western hegemonic activities. This research paradigm has different connotations and research directions in different era backgrounds. Many scholars have carried out in-depth analysis based on different positions and perspectives. They have generally experienced the shift from powerful effect theory to the limited effect theory, from cultural conflict theory to cultural integration theory, and from cultural colonialism to media democratization. The reason why the theory of media imperialism has been repeatedly mentioned and discussed in academic circles is that it is an advantageous means to promote our understanding of the complex global cultural flow. Based on the tracing of the historical research of media imperialism, this article summarizes the evolution of its research paradigm, which in general has gone through the evolution of imperialism paradigm, globalization paradigm and pluralism paradigm. By analyzing the historical process and research direction of media imperialism, combined with the current global media development practice, it is found that media imperialism is evolving to new media imperialism, and the advocated "core-periphery" model has changed into a scattered, diversified and floating multilevel market model of "global in

关 键 词：媒介帝国主义 “中心-边缘”结构 新媒介帝国主义 互联网时代 

分 类 号：G206.3[文化科学—传播学]