反不正当竞争法自由竞争价值的理论证成与制度调适  

The Value of Free Competition in Unfair Competition Law:Its Justification and the Institutional Adjustment

作　　者：陈耿华 Chen Genghua

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2021年第6期157-170,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金项目“数据不正当竞争行为司法规制的实证研究”(项目编号:21CFX042);中国博士后第14批特别资助“大数据领域反不正当竞争法的实施困境及因应研究”(项目编号:2021T140574);中国博士后第67批面上资助“数据不正当竞争行为司法规制的实证研究”(项目编号:2020M673106)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：一直以来,公平竞争价值稳居反不正当竞争法价值体系的显性话语,而对同等重要的自由竞争价值却缺乏深切关注及系统描述。这主要源于反不正当竞争法维护商业伦理的制度惯性及为该法的制度外观所误导。自由竞争价值缺失容易引发过度干预市场竞争行为,亦不当割裂了反不正当竞争法与反垄断法的内在关联。基于市场自由、动态竞争的本质规律、反不正当竞争法竞争观的转向、该法作为行为规制法的功能驱使与愈加浓厚的竞争法品格,以及该法保护竞争而非竞争者的立法旨趣,证成反不正当竞争法亦需恪守自由竞争价值。为贯彻之,需革新既有行为认定范式,秉持行为正当主义,重视经济效果分析标准,审慎适用一般条款并明晰其适用条件,修正竞争关系在不正当竞争案件中的定位,在还原竞争场景的基础上综合权衡多元法益及多种考量因素。For a long time,fair competition,has been dominant in the discourse of the Unfair Competition Law,while free competition,an equally important value,has been underappreciated and absent without any systematic description,which is caused by the outward appearance of Unfair Competition Law and its institutional inertia in pursuing business ethics.However,the absence of free competition in Unfair Competition Law may lead to excessive market intervention,and may break its intrinsic connection with Antimonopoly Law.Therefore,it is justifiable for the Unfair Competition Law to pursue free competition,taking into account all these factors including the nature of free market and the dynamic state of competition,the turn in its conceptualization of competition,its regulatory function,its legislative intent for protecting competition instead of competitors and its ever stronger character of competition law.To pursue free competition,the current modes of identifying unfair competition shall be reformed,by adhering to the principle of justification of behaviors,using the economic analysis standard,and clarifying the conditions for the prudent application of the general provisions of the Unfair Competition.In addition,the position of competition in cases of unfair competition shall be corrected,and the multi-party’s legal interest and multi-dimensional factors shall be weighed and balanced in the contextualized competition.Those works that have outlived the period for IP protection will in principle no longer be protected by the Unfair Competition Law.

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 自由竞争 公平竞争 一般条款 动态竞争观 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]