杀伤爆破弹弹体异常淬火时弹底大破片形成机理  

Formation Mechanism of Large Base Fragments from Explosion in Abnormally Quenched Body of High-explosive Projectile

作　　者：彭嘉诚 蒋建伟[1] 李响 李帅孝 陈永恒 PENG Jiacheng;JIANG Jianwei;LI Xiang;LI Shuaixiao;CHEN Yongheng(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China;Military Representative Office of the Army Equipment Department in Shenyang, Shenyang 110045, Liaoning, China;Liaoshen Industries Group Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110045, Liaoning, China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]陆军装备部驻沈阳地区军事代表局驻沈阳地区第二军事代表室,辽宁沈阳110045 [3]辽沈工业集团有限公司,辽宁沈阳110045

出　　处：《兵工学报》2021年第11期2333-2343,共11页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11872123)。

摘　　要：以某杀伤爆破弹爆炸产生回飞弹底大破片事故为背景,开展弹底大破片产生原因和相关故障分析。利用金相显微镜观察、比较实际回收的弹底大破片和正常弹体的微观组织,测试获得材料性能参数。据此,采用AUTODYN-3D软件数值模拟不同拉伸破坏极限下异常淬火弹体内爆驱动弹底膨胀、断裂过程,得到弹底断裂状态、速度分布及裂纹衍生等。通过异常淬火弹体进行静爆试验,复现了故障状态。结果表明:异常淬火弹体与弹底大破片的微观组织均会出现大量回火索氏体与上贝氏体混合组织,提高了材料塑性和屈服强度;随着弹体拉伸破坏主应力提高,爆炸加载后的弹底由完全断裂形成的数块破片,逐渐过渡为带裂纹、层裂破坏区的弹底大破片,且数值模拟结果与实际回收的弹底大破片形貌、尺寸吻合较好;发生在弹底的断裂模式包括轴向“崩落”、外侧层裂以及径向裂纹的衍生与扩展;异常的淬火过程改变了弹体材料性能,将导致内爆加载下弹底大破片的产生,进而造成回飞事故。The cause and related failures of large base fragments are analyzed from the flying back accident of large base fragments generated by the explosion of a high-explosive projectile.The microstructures of the normally and abnormally quenched projectile bodies and the recovered large base fragments of projectile were observed and compared by using metallographic microscope,and the property parameters of recovered fragment materials were obtained through test.The expansion and fracture processes of projectile body under different tensile failure limits were simulated to obtain the fracture state,velocity distribution and derivation of crack of the large base fragments by using AUTODYN-3D.The results show that a large number of mixed microstructures of tempered sorbite and upper bainite appear in the abnormally quenched projectile bodies and the recovered fragments,and the plasticity and yield strength of projectile body material are improved.The completely fractured projectile base generates several fragments under explosion,and a large base fragment with cracks and fracture layers is formed with the increase in the principal tensile failure stress of projectile body.The numerically simulated results are consistent with the shape and size of the recovered fragments.The fracture modes include axial collapse,lateral lamination crack and radial crack.The abnormal quenching of projectile changes the material properties,which can produce large base fragment under implosion loading,thus causing flying back accident.

关 键 词：杀伤爆破弹 异常淬火 爆炸驱动 弹底大破片 断裂模式 

分 类 号：T410.2[一般工业技术]