氮素穗肥施用时期对软米粳稻产量和品质的影响  

Effect of ear nitrogen fertilizer application periods on yield and quality of soft japonica rice

作　　者：张庆[1,2] 胡雅杰 郭保卫[1] 张洪程[1] 徐玉峰[2] 徐晓杰 朱邦辉 徐洁芬 钮中一 凃荣文 ZHANG Qing;HU Yajie;GUO Baowei;ZHANG Hongcheng;XU Yufeng;XU Xiaojie;ZHU Banghui;XU Jiefen;NIU Zhongyi;TU Rongwen(Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Jiangsu Wujin Rice Research Institute,Changzhou 213175,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏(武进)水稻研究所,江苏常州213175

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2021年第5期72-77,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301205);农业重大技术协同推广项目(2020-SJ-047-01);常州市科技支撑计划项目(CE20202018)。

摘　　要：选用太湖稻区推广面积较大的南粳46和南粳5055为材料,在总施氮量300 kg·hm^(-2)的条件下,氮素穗肥分别于倒5叶、倒4叶、倒3叶、倒2叶、倒1叶和粒肥施用,研究氮素穗肥不同施用时期对软米粳稻产量及其构成和稻米品质的影响。结果表明:随着氮素穗肥施用时期的延后,软米粳稻的产量、糙米率、精米率和整精米率呈先增加后减少,倒3叶最高;垩白粒率和垩白度呈先减少后增加,倒3叶最低。推迟施用穗肥,直链淀粉含量降低,胶稠度长度和蛋白质含量增加,米饭食味值降低,倒5叶和倒4叶差异不显著。综上所述,根据不同的生产目标,选择适宜的穗肥施用时期,如侧重高产优质,穗肥适宜施用时期为倒3叶;如侧重稳产食味品质更优,则提前至倒4叶施穗肥为宜。In this experiment,Nanjing 46 and Nanjing 5055,which had large extension area in Tai Lake,were selected and six fertilizing times including last 5 th leaf stage,last 4 th leaf stage,last 3 rd leaf stage,last 2 nd leaf stage,last 1 st leaf stage and grain fertilizer under the condition of 300 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen fertilizer level were desiged to study the effects of different panicle fertilization times on the yield and quality.The results were as follows:the yield,brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate increased first and then decreased with the extension of ear nitrogen fertilizer application period,and the highest yield appeared at the last 3 rd leaf stage.The chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree first decreased and then increased,and the lowest value also appeared at the last 3 rd leaf stage.Amylose content decreased,gel consistency length and protein content increased,rice taste value decreased after delaying ear fertilizer application,and there was no significant difference between the last 5 th leaf stage and the last 4 th leaf stage.The suitable application period of ear fertilizer can be selected according to the target of cultivation management.If we focus on high yield and good quality,under the condition of sufficient growth in the early stage,we can choose to apply panicle fertilizer at the last 3 rd leaf;and we can apply ear fertilizer at the last 4 th leaf in advance if we focus on stable yield and better eating quality.

关 键 词：软米粳稻 氮素 穗肥 施用时期 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]