便携式岩石纵波波速自动测量仪研制  

Development of portable automatic measuring meter for rock P-wave velocity

作　　者：靳郑伟 付志红[1,2] 张静[1,2] 田维光 Jin Zhengwei;Fu Zhihong;Zhang Jing;Tian Wciguang(State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学电气工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《国外电子测量技术》2021年第10期170-176,共7页Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51777017);重庆市重点产业共性关键技术创新专项(重点研发项目)(CSTC2017ZDCY-ZDYFX0045)资助。

摘　　要：目前大多声波仪采用高速AD采集卡测量波速,存在设计复杂、成本高、仿制难、自动化程度低等问题。基于FPGA开发了集声波发射、声波处理、声速实时显示于一体的岩石纵波波速测量仪。声发射系统可产生电压可调(0~300 V),频率可调(1 Hz~100 kHz),上升、下降沿延时短,脉宽可低至1μs的高压陡脉冲激励。声波处理系统由滤波、放大、高速比较电路组成,可滤去杂波干扰,完成极度不规则的接收信号整形。设计相位差检测程序,实现了纵波首波判读和声时提取。采用高精度倍频计数的方法提升声时测量精度。选用标准岩样进行重复实验测试,证明该仪器测量误差小于1.5%,满足工程测量标准。相比市场上主流声波仪,具有操作简单、成本低、方便易携(重量约为1 kg)等优点,更适合实验室和野外岩石波速测量。At present, most of the ultrasonic meter on sale use high-speed AD acquisition card to measure wave speed, which has disadvantages such as complex design, high cost, low degree of automation and difficult imitation. In this paper, a rock P-wave velocity measuring meter is developed based on FPGA, which integrates acoustic emission, acoustic processing and P-wave velocity display. The acoustic emission system can generate high-voltage pulse excitation with adjustable voltage(0~300 V), adjustable frequency(1 Hz~100 kHz),short rising and falling edge delay and the pulse width can be as low as 1 μs. The acoustic processing system is composed of filter, amplification and high speed comparison circuit, which can filter out clutter interference and shape extremely irregular ultrasonic echo. The phase difference detection program is designed to realize the interpretation of the head wave and the time extraction. In addition, the method of high-precision frequency doubling counting is used to improve the sound extraction accuracy. Repeated experiments with standard rock samples show that the measurement error of the instrument is less than 1.5%, which meet the standards of engineering survey. Compared with the acoustic meters sold in the market, it has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, convenient and easy to carry(weight of about 1 kg), more suitable for laboratory and field rock wave velocity measurement.

关 键 词：纵波测量仪 岩石波速 FPGA 

分 类 号：TH89[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]