山东半岛南部海域渔业资源结构及关键种的年际变化  

Interannual changes of fish community structure and keystone species in the waters off southern Shandong Peninsula from 2016 to 2018

作　　者：苏程程 单秀娟[1,3,4] 杨涛 SU Chengcheng;SHAN Xiujuan;YANG Tao(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;National Field Observation and Research Center for Fisheries in Changdao Waters,Yantai 265800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外科学观测研究站,山东烟台265800

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第12期1983-1992,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0501-1);山东省泰山学者青年专家计划;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助(2020TD01);中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费资助(20603022020017)。

摘　　要：为掌握大规模增殖放流背景下山东半岛海域渔业资源结构特征及其变动趋势,基于2016—2018年山东半岛南部海域渔业资源调查与渔业种类食性文献数据,以渔业资源群落关键种作为切入点,通过食物网拓扑结构与社会网络分析法,解析了山东半岛南部海域渔业资源结构及关键种的年际变化。结果显示,2016—2018年山东半岛南部海域食物网包含物种20~22个,摄食关系数量59~65个,年际差异不大;基于优势度分析发现,伏季休渔延长后,2018年小黄鱼、带鱼、蓝点马鲛优势度明显增加;食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.3048~0.3684,种间关联度为0.1451~0.1634;群落关键种均为鳀和黄鮟。鳀作为关键被捕食者,黄鮟作为关键捕食者,两者在2016—2018年均为优势种,但鳀优势度逐年下降,细纹狮子鱼从2017年开始成为优势种。山东半岛南部海域食物网结构较稳定,关键种稳定,但群落中能量流动和信息传递逐渐由高营养级种类演替到低营养级种类。In the context of large-scale enhancement and releasing,in order to study the stability of fishery ecosystem and the change of community structures in the waters off southern Shandong Peninsula,based on the waters off Southern Shandong Peninsula fisheries resources investigation and fishery species feeding literature data from2016 to 2018,through the food web topology structure and social network analysis,we studied the southern Shandong Peninsula sea fishery resources structure and interannual variability of keystone species.The results showed that,a total of 20-22 fish species were involved in the food web of the waters off southern Shandong Peninsula,which covered 59-65 prey-predator relationships,and these are no obvious interannual changes.Based on the dominance analysis,the dominance of Larimichthys polyactis,Trichiurus lepturus,Scomberomorus niphonius increased significantly in 2018 after the adjustment of summer fishing moratorium.The topological structure density of these food webs ranged from 0.3048 to 0.3684,and interspecies connectivity was 0.1451 to 0.1634.From2016 to 2018,the keystone species in the fish community in the waters off Southern Shandong Peninsula were Engraulis japonicus and Lophius litulon.E.japonicus as the key prey and L.litulon as the key predator,they were both the dominant species 2016-2018,however,the dominance of E.japonicus decreased with each passing year,and Liparis tanakae has been the dominance species since 2017.The results showed that the food web structure in the waters off southern Shandong Peninsula was relatively stable,with little inter-year differences,and the keystone species did not change,but the energy flow and information transfer in the community gradually evolved from high trophic species to low trophic species.

关 键 词：群落结构 关键种 食物网拓扑结构 网络分析法 山东半岛南部海域 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]