南沙群岛海域鸢乌贼摄食习性与营养生态位  

Feeding habit and trophic niche of purpleback flying squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)in the Nansha Islands area,South China Sea

作　　者：谢嘉仪 张丽姿 吴文秀 周倍合 陈秋杰 招春旭 何雄波 徐军[2] 颜云榕[1,4,5] XIE Jiayi;ZHANG Lizi;WU Wenxiu;ZHOU Beihe;CHEN Qiujie;ZHAO Chunxu;HE Xiongbo;XU Jun;YAN Yunrong(Fisheries College,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang),Zhanjiang 524013,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Far Sea Fisheries Management and Fishing of South China Sea,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),南海资源大数据中心,广东湛江524013 [5]广东省深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术中心,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《水产学报》2021年第12期1993-2002,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)专项(ZJW-2019-08);广东省海洋经济发展专项(GDNRC[2020]052);广东省南海深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术中心配套经费。

摘　　要：鸢乌贼在中国南海海域资源丰富,是灯光罩网渔船的主要捕捞对象之一。本研究对南沙群岛海域中型群和微型群鸢乌贼样品进行采集,利用传统胃含物分析法和碳、氮稳定同位素技术研究其摄食习性、营养级、营养生态位及与饵料生物的关系。结果显示,鸢乌贼以摄食鱼类、头足类和甲壳类为主,且在不同生长阶段,饵料组成有所差异;胴长小于100 mm的微型群和胴长小于90 mm的中型群个体摄食以浮游动物和小型鱼类为主,100~119 mm的微型群个体和90~129 mm的中型群个体摄食以甲壳类、头足类和鱼类为主,大于120 mm的微型群和大于130 mm的中型群个体摄食饵料主要为鱼类和头足类。鸢乌贼中型群δ^(13)N值范围为7.17‰~10.13‰,δ^(13)C范围为-19.61‰~-18.10‰,微型群δ^(13)N值范围为6.48‰~10.12‰,δ^(13)C值范围为-19.63‰~-17.81‰。分析显示,中型群和微型群的营养生态位重叠明显,表明群体间存在对食物资源的竞争;微型群的营养生态位宽幅大于中型群,其中微型群雄性群体与其他3个群体的核心生态位重叠部分偏低。鸢乌贼中型群的营养级范围为2.54~3.41,平均营养级为2.97,微型群的营养级范围为2.34~3.41,平均营养级为2.87;微型群雄性营养级相对较低且与其他类群存在较大差异,这可能与其体型大小密切相关。The purpleback flying squid(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis),which is one of the main fishing objects for light attracting falling-net fishing vessels,has abundant resources in the South China Sea.In this study,samples of medium-form and dwarf-form of S.oualaniensis were collected in the Nansha Islands area.Traditional stomach contents analysis and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis were used to study feeding habit,trophic level,trophic niche and their relationship with feeding organisms.Consequently,S.oualaniensis mainly fed on fish,cephalopods and crustaceans,and the food composition was different at different growth stages.The medium-form smaller than 90 mm ML and the dwarf-form smaller than 100 mm ML fed on zooplankton and small fish.The medium-form ranging 90-129 mm ML and the dwarf-form ranging 100-119 mm ML fed mainly on crustaceans,cephalopods and fish.The food intake was mostly by fish and cephalopods for the medium-form larger than 130 mm ML and the dwarf-form larger than 120 mm ML.Besides,theδ^(13)C value of the medium-form ranged from–19.61‰to–18.10‰and theδ^(13)N value ranged from 7.17‰to 10.13‰.Theδ^(13)C value of the dwarfform ranged from–19.63‰to–17.81‰and theδ^(13)N value ranged from 6.48‰to 10.12‰.Analysis showed that there was an overlap of trophic niches between the medium-form and the dwarf-form,which indicated that the squids had competition for food resources.The trophic niche of dwarf-form was larger than medium-form,and there was lower overlap between the dwarf-male group and the other three groups.In addition,the mean trophic level was 2.97 and ranged from 2.54 to 3.41 for the mediumform,and the mean trophic level was 2.87 and ranged from 2.34 to 3.41 for the dwarf-form.The trophic level of the dwarf-male group was relatively low and quite different compared with other groups,which may be closely related to body size.

关 键 词：鸢乌贼 胃含物分析 稳定同位素 生态位宽幅 营养级 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]