日本福岛核废水排海情景下海洋生态环境影响与应对  

Consequences of marine ecological environment and our preparedness for Fukushima radioactive wastewater discharge into the ocean

作　　者：林武辉 余克服 杜金秋[2] 林宏阳 余雯 莫敏婷 Wuhui Lin;Kefu Yu;Jinqiu Du;Hongyang Lin;Wen Yu;Minting Mo(Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;School of National Security and Emergency Management,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学海洋学院,广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,南宁530004 [2]国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023 [3]厦门大学,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361102 [4]北京师范大学国家安全与应急管理学院,珠海519087

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第35期4500-4509,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42090041,42030502,41906043);广西科技项目(AD17129063,AA17204074,2019GXNSFAA185006)资助。

摘　　要：2011年3月11日,太平洋海底9级大地震产生的海啸引发日本福岛核事故[1].福岛核事故后,大量的放射性核素泄漏进入环境,并通过大气环流和海洋环流对全球许多地区造成一定的影响[2~6].福岛核事故后,日本制定了福岛核电站中长期退役计划(30~40年),开展受损反应堆退役与周边环境修复措施,其中核废水处理、核燃料移除、其他废物处理是中长期退役计划的三大关键环节[7].Ten years after the Fukushima nuclear accident(FNA),Japan announced the planned discharge of over one million tons of Fukushima radioactive wastewater(FRW)into the Pacific Ocean in two years.This decision regarding FRW disposal has aroused worldwide concerns and public fears,which may be exacerbated by reputational damage and the lack of a clear public understanding of the possible adverse impacts of the FRW.As one of the countries surrounding the Pacific Ocean,China is a stakeholder in this decision regarding the FRW disposal.In this study,we compared the FRW source and its associated radionuclide components with the liquid effluent from routine operation of the nuclear power plant and its associated radionuclides.The activity concentrations of 13 radionuclides in the pre-and post-treated FRW by the Advanced Liquid Processing Systems(ALPS)were quantitatively compared with limits for radionuclide concentrations required by Japan law,guidance levels for radionuclides in drinking water provided by the World Health Organization(WHO),and baseline concentrations of radionuclides in surface seawater from the Pacific Ocean before the FNA.Sediment-seawater distribution coefficients and bioconcentration factors are also shown to provide insights into the mobility and biological availability of radionuclides derived from the FRW in the marine environment.Although 62 radionuclides can be recovered from the FRW by ALPS according to a report from the Tokyo Electric Power Company(TEPCO),a large amount of 3H remains in the ALPS-treated FRW.The total amount of 3H in the ALPS-treated FRW was approximately 8.6×10^(14)Bq(by October 31,2019),with an average concentration of 7.3×10^(5)Bq/L,higher than the concentration limit(6×10^(4)Bq/L)required by Japan law and guidance level(104 Bq/L)provided by the WHO.The amount of 3H in the ALPS-treated FRW(8.6×10^(14)Bq by October 31,2019)is continually increasing,and is already higher than the amount of 3H(3×10^(14)‒7×10^(14)Bq)released into the Pacific Ocean immediately after the FNA

关 键 词：海洋生态环境 废物处理 修复措施 海洋环流 放射性核素 福岛核事故 反应堆退役 福岛核电站 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X771