Holocene dust storm variations over northern China:transition from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing  

中国北方全新世沙尘暴演化:从自然驱动转向人为驱动

作　　者：Shengqian Chen Jianbao Liu Xin Wang Shuang Zhao Jianhui Chen Mingrui Qiang Bing Liu Qinghai Xu Dunsheng Xia Fahu Chen 陈圣乾;刘建宝;王鑫;赵爽;陈建徽;强明瑞;刘冰;许清海;夏敦胜;陈发虎(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China;School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China [2]Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [3]Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [4]College of Geography and Tourism,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China [5]School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China [6]Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China [7]College of Resources and Environment,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2021年第24期2516-2527,M0004,共13页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790421,41722105,41988101)。

摘　　要：Asian dust storms have long been a major environmental concern in China,affecting the lives of about one billion people.However,it is unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for Asian dust storms during the Holocene varied on different timescales,and thus it is unclear whether there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms.We reconstructed a high-resolution Holocene record of dust storms from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake on the Chinese Loess Plateau.We found that Asian dust storm activity generally increased during the Holocene,with the largest fluctuations occurring during the past 2000 years.The increase in dust storm activity was in contrast to the decrease in East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)intensity during the Holocene,indicating that the EAWM played a limited role in modulating dust storms.By contrast,the increase in dust storms corresponded to a decrease in East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)precipitation.This demonstrates that EASM precipitation was the dominant control of dust storm activity on a millennial timescale,because decreased EASM precipitation expanded the desert area and thus increased the dust storm activity.The increasing intensity of human activity in the region since the Bronze Age resulted in an acceleration of dust storm activity against the background of decreased EASM precipitation.As human disturbance continued to intensify,beginning at least at~2 cal ka BP,increased dust storms were closely linked to increasing human populations in the dust source regions,and there is a strong temporal coherence between increased dust storms and higher EASM precipitation.This was completely different from when natural processes are dominant.During that period,fewer dust storms occurred during periods of a strengthened EASM.Therefore,there was a shift from a natural forcing to an anthropogenic forcing of dust storms on a multi-decadal to centennial timescale,and was a mode in which‘‘human activity overtook the EASM as the dominant control of the Ea亚洲强沙尘暴事件能显著地降低空气质量,改变到达地面的太阳辐射,对人体健康产生严重的潜在危害,受到国内外的广泛关注.然而,目前对于全新世不同时间尺度亚洲沙尘暴的驱动机制以及是否存在由自然驱动向人为驱动的转变仍不清楚.黄土高原是世界上最大的粉尘堆积区,该区域未受人类活动直接影响的湖泊沉积是研究沙尘暴变化的理想载体.基于黄土高原上的高山湖泊岩芯,我们发现全新世沙尘暴频率总体呈增加趋势,并在过去2000年达到最高值且伴随着剧烈波动.其中,11~2 cal ka BP沙尘暴频率与东亚夏季风降水、植被覆盖、东亚冬季风强度均呈负相关,揭示出不同于冬季风控制沙尘暴变化的观点,认为东亚夏季风是控制千年尺度沙尘暴变化的自然驱动因子.从~2 cal ka BP开始,沙尘暴频率与粉尘源区人口数量、季风降雨量同步变化,人类活动的增强使得在强夏季风阶段却出现强沙尘暴现象,揭示出年代际尺度人类活动对地表系统的影响已超过夏季风的影响.沙尘暴由自然驱动向人为驱动的转变,支持中国北方"早期人为假说",可能至少开始于~2 cal ka BP.

关 键 词：Asian dust storms Early anthropogenic hypothesis East Asian summer monsoon Human activity Northern China 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P534.632