施用猪粪堆肥和秸秆还田对稻麦轮作小麦田菵草生长的影响  

Impacts of composted pig manure and straw amendments on the growth of Beckmannia syzigachne in wheat field of a rice-wheat rotation system

作　　者：洪爱梅 段云辉 张海艳 韩敏 李勇 沈鑫 孙国俊 沈家禾[1] 冉炜 张铭[4] HONG Ai-mei;DUAN Yun-hui;ZHANG Hai-yan;HAN Min;LI Yong;SHEN Xin;SUN Guo-jun;SHEN Jia-he;RAN Wei;ZHANG Ming(Planting Technology Promotion Center of Jintan District,Changzhou,Changzhou 213200,Jiangsu,China;School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Jiangsu 225009,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Zhiqian Town Rural Work Bureau,Jintan District,Changzhou,Changzhou 213234,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]常州市金坛区种植业技术推广中心,江苏常州213200 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏常州225009 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [4]常州市金坛区指前镇农村工作局,江苏常州213234

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第12期3944-3951,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(14)4044];国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200503-4和2016YFD0200805)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示长期不同施肥方式对稻(Oryza sativa)-麦(Triticum aestivum)轮作制麦田杂草菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)生长的影响,以始于2010年10月的连续10年固定施肥田(不施肥、仅施用化肥、猪粪堆肥部分替代化肥和秸秆还田配施化肥)为对象,通过2019年和2020年小麦季的调查,分析了2019年和2020年菵草出苗、分蘖和成穗密度以及开花结实期菵草的株高、茎基粗、上部三张功能叶的长度及宽度、地上部生物量、种子产量。结果表明:仅施用化肥处理的菵草平均出苗、分蘖和成穗密度最高,2019年和2020年分别达84.00和115.50、172.75和181.00、83.00和24.25株·m^(-2),显著高于秸秆还田配施化肥处理和猪粪堆肥部分替代化肥处理;仅施用化肥处理的菵草平均株高、上部三张功能叶的长度和宽度大于猪粪堆肥部分替代化肥处理和秸秆还田配施化肥处理;仅施用化肥处理的菵草平均单株干重最高,2019年和2020年分别达0.64和0.89 g·株^(-1),显著高于猪粪堆肥部分替代化肥处理和秸秆还田配施化肥处理;仅施用化肥处理的菵草平均单株种子产量最高,2019年和2020年分别达698.10和681.30粒·株^(-1),显著高于猪粪堆肥部分替代化肥处理和秸秆还田配施化肥处理。长期仅施用化肥更有利于菵草的生长繁殖,而配施猪粪堆肥和秸秆施肥方式抑制了菵草的生长繁殖。To understand the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on the growth ofBeckmannia syzigachne,a dominant wheat-associated weed in wheat field of a rice(Oryza sativa)-wheat(Triticum aestivum)rotation system,we carried out an experiment with four fertilization treat-ments[no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer only(CF),replacement of a portion of chemi-cal fertilizer with composted pig manure(PM),and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer(SF)]for 10 consecutive years since October 2010.We examined the density of seedlings,tillers and ears during vegetative growth stage,plant height,stem base thickness,length and width of the upper three functional leaves,aboveground biomass,and seed yield during floweringand fruiting stage ofB.syzigachneand wheat yield in wheat season in 2019 and 2020.The resultsshowed that the average density of seedlings,tillers,and ears was 84.00 and 115.50,172.75 and181.00,83.00 and 24.25 plants·m^(-2)respectively in 2019 and 2020 in treatment CF,which wassignificantly higher than that in treatments SF and PM.The average plant height,the length andwidth of the upper three functional leaves were higher in treatment CF than those in treatmentsPM and SF.The average dry mass was 0.64 and 0.89 g·plant^(-1)in 2019 and 2020 in treatmentCF,which was significantly higher than that in treatments PM and SF.The average seed yieldwas 698.10 and 681.30 seeds·plant^(-1)in 2019 and 2020 in treatment CF,which was significantly higher than that in treatments PM and SF.Long-term chemical fertilizer application was morebeneficial to the growth and reproduction ofB.syzigachne,while the combined application of pigmanure compost and straw return with chemical fertilizer inhibited the growth and reproduction ofB.syzigachne.

关 键 词：施肥 优势杂草 密度 叶长 叶宽 地上部干重 种子产量 

分 类 号：S451.221[农业科学—植物保护]