某新型炸药铸装缺陷分析与工艺改进研究  

Analysis of Casting Defects and Process Improvement of a New Explosive

作　　者：孙云忠 谭庆 信义兵 SUN Yun-zhong;TAN Qing;XIN Yi-bing(Hunan Vocational and Technical College National Defense, Xiangtan 411207, China;Wuhan Guide Infrared Co. Ltd. , Wuhan 430071, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南国防工业职业技术学院,湖南湘潭411207 [2]武汉高德红外股份有限公司,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期510-514,共5页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省科教联合基金研究项目(2017JJ5018)。

摘　　要：为解决某新型炸药在采用真空熔铸法铸装时,炸药内部出现疏松结构,炸药局部出现裂纹的问题,开展了该新型炸药铸装缺陷分析与工艺改进研究.通过构建熔铸炸药凝固过程的数学模型,在不同弹体材料和不同冷却条件下,对炸药铸装冷却凝固全过程进行了仿真分析.依据得到的仿真计算结果,对某新型炸药铸装工艺进行改进.结果表明:铸装前将工装预热到86℃,采用铝合金和可锻铸铁作为工装,炸药中间层最大等效应力分别为20.6 MPa和36.5 MPa.铸装前工装恒温为20℃,采用铝合金和可锻铸铁作为工装,炸药中间层最大等效应力分别为28.3 MPa和36 MPa.分析表明,炸药内层与外层同时冷却,导致中间层无充足炸药填充是炸药缩孔和疏松的主要原因.采用铝合金弹体材料,预热弹体到86℃,加热传爆管和注药漏斗,使炸药由外而内逐次缓慢冷却凝固,能有效改善炸药装药质量.In order to solve the problem of loose structure and local cracks in a new explosive casted by vacuum casting,the defects analysis and process improvement of a new explosive were carried out.The mathematical model of solidification process of melt cast explosive was established.the whole process of explosive casting cooling under different shell materials and different cooling boundary conditions was numerically simulated and analyzed.According to the numerical simulation results,the casting process of a new explosive was improved.Analysis shows that,preheat the tooling to 86℃before casting,aluminum alloy and malleable cast iron are used as tooling,the maximum equivalent stress of explosive middle layer is 20.6 MPa and 36.5 MPa respectively.The temperature of tooling before casting is constant at 20℃.aluminum alloy and malleable cast iron are used as tooling,the maximum equivalent stress of explosive middle layer is 28.3 MPa and 36 MPa respectively.Analysis shows that,the main reason of explosive shrinkage and porosity is that the inner layer and outer layer of explosive are cooled at the same time,resulting in insufficient explosive filling in the middle layer.Using aluminum alloy shell material,preheat the shell to 86℃,heat the booster tube and charging funnel to make the explosive cool and solidify slowly from outside to inside,which can effectively improve the charging quality of explosive.

关 键 词：炸药 铸装 缩孔 预热 真空熔铸 

分 类 号：TJ10[兵器科学与技术]