新规则下世界男子跳马技术特征分析及我国男子跳马发展趋势  

Analysis on the Technical Characteristics of World Men’s Vault and the Development Trend of China’s Men’s Vault under the New Rules

作　　者：冉旭 Ran Xu(Hubei Preschool Teachers College,Wuhan 436032,Hubei,China.)

机构地区：[1]湖北幼儿师范高等专科学校,湖北武汉436032

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第1期30-33,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：采用录像观察、文献资料、数理统计等方法对47、48、49届体操世锦赛、18届亚运会和13届全运会的男子跳马决赛40位选手的动作类型、动作难度和完成质量进行了研究分析。研究结果:(1)当今世界男子跳马选手上板多采用前手翻和侧手翻类型,踺子上板和踺子上板转体180使用低,谢尔博类型动作没有使用;第二腾空欧美主要以横轴翻转类型为主,亚洲以纵轴转体类型为主。(2)新规则下,3届体操世锦赛男子跳马平均D分接近5.6,高于亚运会、全运会选手0.2分。各国运动员在保证质量的基础上,动作难度上还有一定发展空间。(3)3届体操世锦赛优秀跳马运动员进一步完善了动作技术、空中姿势和落地稳定性,平均E分逐年提高,平均分接近9.0分,符合奥运周期规律,与亚运会比较具有显著性差异。(4)当前国内缺乏完成高难度6.0+6.0的拔尖型男子跳马运动员,与国际水平存在差距。需加强训练与科技攻关,调整选材方法,用新发展理念审视跳马项目,取长补短,去芜存菁,助推中国男子跳马重振雄风。By means of video observation,literature and mathematical statistics,this paper studies and analyzes the action types,difficulty and completion quality of 40 men’s vault finalists in the 47th,48th and 49th Gymnastics World Championships,the 18th Asian Games and the 13th National Games.The results are as follows:(1)most of the male vault athletes in the world use the forward handspring and rollover types,the use of the upper plate of the spring and the rotation 180 of the upper plate of the spring is low,and the shelbo type action is not used.The second take-off is mainly horizontal axis turnover in Europe and America,and vertical axis rotation in Asia.(2)Under the new rules,the average D-score of men’s vault in the three Gymnastics World Championships is close to 5.6,which is 0.2 higher than that of players in the Asian Games and the National Games.On the basis of ensuring the quality of athletes in various countries,there is still some room for development in the difficulty of movement.(3)The excellent vault athletes of the 3rd Gymnastics World Championships have further improved their movement skills,air posture and landing stability.The average E score has increased year by year,and the average score is close to 9.0,which is in line with the law of the Olympic cycle and has a significant difference compared with the Asian Games.(4)At present,there is a lack of top-notch male vault athletes who complete high difficulty 6.0+6.0 in China,which lags behind the international level.It is necessary to strengthen training and scientific and technological public relations,adjust selection methods,examine vault with new development concepts,learn from each other’s strengths to make up for their weaknesses,remove the turnips and save the turnips,so as to boost the rejuvenation of Chinese men’s vault.

关 键 词：男子跳马 动作类型 动作难度 完成质量 

分 类 号：G832.2[文化科学—体育训练]