早熟蓝莓早花气象原因分析  

Analysis of meteorological reasons for early flowering of early-maturing blueberry

作　　者：梁平 杨世琼 李莉 左晋 谢俊英 韦波 LIANG Ping;YANG Shiqiong;LI Li;ZUO Jin;XIE Junying;WEI Bo(Qiandongnan Meteorological Bureau,Kaili 556000,China;Guizhou Institute of Mountain and Environment,Guiyang 550002,China;Danzhai Meteorological Bureau,Danzhai 557500,China)

机构地区：[1]黔东南州气象局,贵州凯里556000 [2]贵州省山地环境气候研究所,贵州贵阳550002 [3]丹寨县气象局,贵州丹寨557500

出　　处：《贵州科学》2021年第6期10-13,共4页Guizhou Science

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州蓝莓花期灰霉病发生发展气象学机制及流行规律研究”(黔科合支撑〔2018〕2360)。

摘　　要：针对2021年黔东南部分基地的奥尼尔、夏普蓝等早熟蓝莓出现早花,因遭遇后期持续低温导致近三分之一的花不能坐果。利用蓝莓基地气象自动观测站点逐日气温、降雨、日照资料与蓝莓开花和花后坐果所需气象条件进行对比分析,结果表明:早熟蓝莓在需冷量满足的情况下,当日平均气温连续5 d以上≥12.8℃,即可进入始花期;开花后,如果遇日平均气温<10℃、日最高气温<12.2℃、最低气温<8℃的低温天气持续7 d或以上,则不能坐果;开花后能耐连续3 d日平均气温<10℃、最低气温≥5℃,并且中间可有1 d日最高气温<10℃的低温天气。The early flowering of early-maturing blueberry varieties such as O'Neill and Sharp Blue grown in a few orchards in Southeast Guizhou in 2021,resulted in nearly one-third of the flowers not bearing fruit due to sustained low temperature in the later period.To explain this phenomenon,we compared the daily temperature,rainfall and sunshine data of the automatic meteorological stations in the blueberry orchards with the meteorological conditions required for blueberry to flower and bear fruit.The results show that the early-maturing blueberry can enter the initial flowering period when the cold demand is satisfied and the daily average temperature is above 12.8℃for more than 5 consecutive days.After flowering,if the daily average temperature is below 10℃,the daily maximum temperature is below 12.2℃,and the daily minimum temperature is below 8℃for 7 days or more,the blueberry cannot bear fruit.After flowering,the blueberry can bear fruit under the conditions of daily average temperature below 10℃and daily minimum temperature above 5℃for 3 consecutive days,and a 1-day interval of daily maximum temperature below 10℃is allowed during this period.

关 键 词：早熟蓝莓 早花 气象原因 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]