中西部太平洋金枪鱼围网误捕鲸鲨分析  

Analysis of bycatch of whale shark by tuna purse seines in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

作　　者：李俊谊 夏萌[1] 戴小杰[1,2,3] LI Junyi;XIA Meng;DAI Xiaojie(College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第6期1044-1049,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：鲨鱼保护行动计划(17190008)。

摘　　要：鲸鲨Rhincodon typus(Smith,1828)误捕问题在近年来得到了渔业研究者和管理者的广泛关注。为了分析中西部太平洋金枪鱼围网误捕鲸鲨情况,本研究中根据2016—2019年中国在中西部太平洋海域作业的围网船队渔捞日志及观察员数据,分析了误捕鲸鲨的空间分布、年际变化,以及作业季节、作业方式、下网时间对误捕鲸鲨的影响。结果表明:2016—2019年4年间共误捕鲸鲨65尾,除3尾鲸鲨误捕后死亡外,其余鲸鲨均以合理方式释放回误捕海域;误捕鲸鲨主要分布在巴布亚新几内亚、基里巴斯和马绍尔群岛专属经济区;同一年自由鱼群(FSC)与随附鱼群(FAD)2种围网捕捞方式的鲸鲨误捕率间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,两种作业方式对误捕鲸鲨无明显影响,一年中仅春季易误捕到鲸鲨,本研究结果可为金枪鱼围网渔业可持续发展和鲸鲨养护提供科学分析和参考建议。In order to analyze the bycatch of whale sharks Rhincodon typus(Smith,1828)in tuna purse seines,spatial distribution,interannual and seasonal variation and the effects of operation mode,time of setting net on bycatch of whale shark were analyzed based on the logbooks and observer data of the Chinese purse seine fleet operating in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean from 2016 to 2019.The results showed that 65 individuals of whale sharks were bycatched during the four years,and except three whale sharks died after bycatch,the rest whale sharks were released in a reasonable way.The bycatch of whale shark mainly was distributed in the exclusive economic zones of Papua New Guinea,Kiribati,and the Marshall Islands,without significant difference between free swimming school and fish aggregate devices on bycatch rates of whale shark(P>0.05).The two operation methods had no obvious influence on whale sharks bycatch,and whale sharks were easily bycatched only in spring instead of other seasons.The findings provide scientific analysis and reference suggestions for both sustainable development of tuna purse seines fisheries and whale shark conservation.

关 键 词：鲸鲨 中西部太平洋海域 围网 养护和管理措施 

分 类 号：S931.9[农业科学—渔业资源]