一种基于自适应信息素蒸发系数的WSN蚁群路由算法  

An Adaptive Pheromone Evaporation Coefficient Based Ant Colony Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

作　　者：王恭[1] 孙铭阳 孙汇阳 滕子铭 WANG Gong;SUN Mingyang;SUN Huiyang;TENG Ziming(School of Automation Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China;Department of Cryptographic Science and Technology,Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute,Beijing 100070,China;College of Communication Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学自动化工程学院,吉林吉林132012 [2]北京电子科技学院密码科学与技术系,北京100070 [3]吉林大学通信工程学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（工学版）》2022年第1期41-47,共7页Journal of Zhengzhou University（Engineering Science）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1500800);吉林省科技厅技术攻关项目(20190303023SF);国家电网科技合作项目(SGTJDK00DYJS2000148)。

摘　　要：目前无线传感器网络中存在的蚁群环路现象和网络节点能量分布不均衡等问题,容易导致节点过早休眠、网络生存周期短。以现有蚁群算法为基础,重构蚂蚁数据包包头结构,在前向蚂蚁数据包中增加数据包序列号、数据包源地址、数据包途径节点数目、途径中继节点消耗的全部能量、路径长度和数据包生存时间,在后向蚂蚁数据包中增加数据包初始能量和平均剩余能量等数据;重新设计信息素更新公式,引入自适应信息素蒸发系数,将路由跳数修正为多跳消耗的能量值,提高信息素更新公式的准确性,使网络中各节点的能量消耗更均衡;改进信息素增量公式,将数据包访问过的节点数重新定义为节点能量损耗函数,在信息素更新公式中,通过修正节点能量损耗函数,可以真实有效地反映出真实的节点能量损耗,提高信息素增量的精确度。通过仿真实验对比,结果表明:改进算法最短寻优路径缩短了5.7%,网络中节点死亡数均小于其他两种对比算法。改进算法可以有效削弱蚂蚁环路效应,提高算法收敛速度,平衡网络节点能量,延长网络寿命。At present,the ant colony loop phenomenon and uneven energy distribution of nodes in the wireless sensor networks could cause nodes to go dormant prematurely and shorten the network lifetime.To improve the accuracy of the pheromone update formula and further balance nodes energy consumption,the following improvements could be made based on the original ant colony algorithm:add data into ant data packet,such as the sequence number of the forward ant data packet,the source address on the packet of the forward ant,number of packet path nodes,energy consumed by relay nodes,length of path,survival time of the ant data packet,initial energy and average remaining energy of packet.The adaptive evaporation coefficient could be introduced into the pheromone update formula whose number of routing hops was altered to the energy consumption of multiple hops;the pheromone increment formula could be improved,the number of nodes visited by packets was redefined as the node energy loss function.In experimental results,there was a 5.7 percent reduce in the shortest path.It was obvious that this algorithm could effectively mitigate the ant loop effect,ba-lance nodes energy consumption and extend the network lifetime.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 环路效应 自适应信息素蒸发系数 路由 节点能量 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]