清代盛世的银钱二元制与治理逻辑  

On the Silver-Copper Coin Bimetallic Currency System and the Administration Logic of the Qianlong Court of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：罗冬阳[1] Luo Dongyang(School of History and Culture,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院明清史研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2022年第1期28-39,M0004,共13页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：清代盛世的乾隆朝,利用西南地区已完成改土归流、美洲白银大量内流的有利条件,采取积极有为的货币政策,因应经济增长和民生需求,大力开发滇铜黔铅,广兴鼓铸,为市场提供了稀见的优质铜钱供给,重塑了地方流动性,不仅使铜钱占领了地方基层市场,而且扩大了铜钱在大额交易和跨地区交易中的使用,甚至促动了制钱流通的信用化,使银钱二元货币体系臻于完成,促进了省级财政发育、地方市场繁荣,并维持了国家财政的一定弹性,为盛世提供了重要支撑。然而完成状态的银钱二元制仍运作于金属主义的货币治理逻辑,政府调控货币供给能力仍相当有限,无法贯彻国家一统权威,不能为国内市场和财政结算提供交易成本低廉的一致货币工具,也无力促成统一金融和资本市场的发育。In Qianlong period,utilizing the favorable situation of the recently accomplished bureaucratization of the southwest local governments and the large quantity American silver importation,the Qing court carried out an active currency policy involving mining for copper in Yunnan and lead and zinc in Guizhou.By providing high quality copper coins the Qing government recovered the local market currency liquidity.The usage of copper coins even expanded into block trade and trans-regional trade which with certain credit transaction function.The completion of silver-copper coin bimetallic currency system promoted the growth of provincial finance and local markets,and benefited the flexibility of national finance.These were all factors contributed to the coming of the general prosperity in the said period.However,the operation of the silver-copper coin bimetallic currency system followed the logic of monetary mentalism.The governmental capacity of currency control was limited and the Qing court failed in providing a unified currency tool to achieve low cost transactions for domestic market and fiscal settlement,not to mention the development of a unified financial and capital market.

关 键 词：清代盛世 银钱二元制 地方流动性重构 治理逻辑 金属主义 

分 类 号：F822.9[经济管理—财政学] K249[历史地理—历史学]