新疆甜菜产业发展现状与展望  

Production Status and Prospects of Sugar Beet in Xinjiang

作　　者：王荣华 李守明 艾依肯 丁兆斐 林明[2] WANG Ronghua;LI Shouming;AI Yiken;DING Zhaofei;LIN Ming(Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Economical Crop Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091)

机构地区：[1]石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国糖料》2022年第1期81-86,共6页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项(2020B007);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设项目(CARS-170113)资助。

摘　　要：新疆是我国甜菜生产的主要基地,具有优越的地域资源优势,无论从气候资源、土地资源和农业基础设施建设上,都非常适宜甜菜的生产种植。通过对近10年来新疆糖协和中国糖协数据分析表明,新疆甜菜年种植面积为60.59 khm^(2)~93.54 khm^(2),最高种植年份2012年,达到93.54 khm^(2);甜菜单产在61.05~70.65 t/hm^(2),较全国甜菜平均单产高出约21.23%,平均出糖率12.13%,较全国平均出糖率降低0.35百分点;新疆甜菜糖年产量为42.60万t~58.28万t,占全国甜菜糖年产量的37.95%~50.87%。新疆甜菜产业还存在以下问题:在育种研究上,种质资源匮乏、育种技术落后、创新能力差;在甜菜种业上,缺乏科学合理运行机制、种业集团规模小、种子质量意识淡薄、竞争力不及外国种子公司;在政策扶持力度上,还远远不及国外其他主产国。针对两个“卡脖子”问题,一个是“自育品种问题”,另一个是“种子加工问题”,文中提出了改进措施和展望。Xinjiang is the main base of sugar beet production in China,which has the advantage of superior regional resources.No matter from the climate resources,land resources and agricultural infrastructure construction,it is very suitable for the production and planting of sugar beet.By analyzing the data from China Sugar Industry Association and Xinjiang Sugar Industry Association in recent ten years,the area of sugar beet in Xinjiang was between 60.59-93.54 khm^(2),the highest area was 93.54 khm^(2)in 2012,and the yield of sugar beet was 61.05-70.65 t/hm^(2),compared with the national average sugar yield,rate of the sugar yield was increased by 21.23%,the average sugar yield was 12.13%,which was decreased by 0.35 percentage point.Sugar beet production in Xinjiang was 0.426-0.582 million tons,accounting for 37.95%-50.87% of sugar beet production in China.There are still many problems in sugar beet industry in Xinjiang:lack of germplasm resources,backward breeding technology and poor innovation ability in breeding research;Lack of scientific and reasonable operation mechanism,small-scale seed industry group,weak seed quality and poorer competitiveness than foreign seed companies;In terms of policy support,it is far less than other foreign planting producers.In view of the two"bottleneck"problems(one is"self-developed variety",and the other is"seed processing problem"),the improvement measures and prospects were put forward.

关 键 词：甜菜 新疆 产业现状 问题和建议 展望 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]