薄壳山核桃煤污病病害调查及病原菌鉴定  

Investigation of sooty mold disease in pecan and identification of its causing pathogen

作　　者：陈雅琦 莫正海[1,2] 娄文睿 翟敏[1,2] 郭忠仁[1,2] 宣继萍[1,2] CHEN Yaqi;MO Zhenghai;LOU Wenrui;ZHAI Min;GUO Zhongren;XUAN Jiping(Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources,Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm,Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所江苏省植物资源研究与利用重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第4期195-202,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：江苏省林业局林业科技创新项目“薄壳山核桃高效栽培技术集成示范”(LYKJ〔2020〕04)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解薄壳山核桃不同品种间煤污病危害程度的差异情况,探寻此病害的致病病菌,为薄壳山核桃抗煤污病品种的选择与煤污病的防治提供理论依据。【方法】以‘波尼’‘金华’‘马罕’‘斯图尔特’‘绍兴’‘威奇塔’这6个薄壳山核桃主栽品种为调查对象,调查不同品种煤污病的发病率及感病指数。同时,选取具有煤污病典型症状的叶片作为病原菌鉴定材料,采用划线法进行病原菌的分离,通过形态学观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析对煤污病病原菌进行鉴定,并采用柯赫氏法则加以验证。【结果】不同品种的发病率由高到低依次为:‘绍兴’(66.79%)、‘斯图尔特’(61.98%)、‘威奇塔’(54.08%)、‘金华’(48.79%)、‘马罕’(27.17%)和‘波尼’(24.13%)。不同品种的感病指数由高到低依次为:‘斯图尔特’(39.35)、‘绍兴’(32.34)、‘威奇塔’(24.23)、‘金华’(21.82)、‘马罕’(14.12)和‘波尼’(11.07)。调查结果显示:‘威奇塔’‘金华’‘马罕’和‘波尼’的发病率及其对应的感病指数的排名相同;但是,‘绍兴’和‘斯图尔特’的表现均不同,就发病率而言,‘绍兴’高于‘斯图尔特’,而其严重程度(即感病指数)低于‘斯图尔特’。病原菌分离鉴定结果显示:枝状枝孢Cladosporium cladosporioides、出芽短梗霉Aureobacidium pullulans和薯蓣多臂菌Trichomerium dioscoreae均为薄壳山核桃煤污病的病原菌。【结论】6个薄壳山核桃品种的发病率和感病指数均存在差异:煤污病对‘斯图尔特’和‘绍兴’的危害最重,对‘威奇塔’和‘金华’的危害程度中等,对‘马罕’和‘波尼’的危害最轻。枝状枝孢C.cladosporioides、出芽短梗霉A.pullulans和薯蓣多臂菌T.dioscoreae均可导致薄壳山核桃煤污病的发生。【Objective】This research aims to understand the damage of sooty mold in different pecan cultivars,to reveal the causing pathogen regarding this disease,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of sooty mold resistant cultivars as well as control of this disease in pecan.【Method】The incidence and disease index of sooty mold of six major pecan cultivars named‘Pawnee’,‘Jinhua’‘Mahan’,‘Stuart’,‘Shaoxing’and‘Wichita’were investigated.Leaves with typical symptoms were selected as pathogen identification materials.Pathogens were isolated with streak cultivation,identified by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis,and finally verified by Koch’s postulate test.【Result】Field examination of sooty mold on pecan showed that the decreased order of the incidence was‘Shaoxing’(66.79%),‘Stuart’(61.98%),‘Wichita’(54.08%),‘Jinhua’(48.79%),‘Mahan’(27.17%),and‘Pawnee’(24.13%).The decreased order of the disease index was‘Stuart’(39.35),‘Shaoxing’(32.34),‘Wichita’(24.23),‘Jinhua’(21.82),‘Mahan’(14.12)and‘Pawnee’(11.07).Our survey showed that the incidences of‘Wichita’,‘Jinhua’,‘Mahan’and‘Pawnee’ranked the same order as their corresponding disease indexes,however,‘Shaoxing’and‘Stuart’performed differently.In terms of incidence,‘Shaoxing’was higher than‘Stuart’,however,its severity(disease index)was lower than‘Stuart’.Isolation and identification results showed that Cladosporium cladosporioides,Aureobacidium pullulans and Trichomerium dioscoreae were the pathogens of pecan sooty mold.【Conclusion】Based on the incidence and disease index,‘Stuart’and‘Shaoxing’were considered highly susceptible to sooty mold,‘Wichita’and‘Jinhua’were moderate susceptible,‘Mahan’and‘Pawnee’were less susceptible.Morphological examination,molecular identification,and Koch’s postulate test suggested that C.cladosporioides,A.pullulans and T.dioscoreae were the causing pathogens for the so

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 煤污病 发病率 感病指数 病原菌 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]