德宏州油茶炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and biological characteristics of the pathogen of anthracnose on Camellia oleifera in Dehong Prefecture

作　　者：周嫒婷 王芳[1,2] 尹加笔 沈德周 马焕成[1,2] 伍建榕[1,2] ZHOU Aiting;WANG Fang;YIN Jiabi;SHEN Dezhou;MA Huancheng;WU Jianrong(Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China of State Forestry Administration,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Dehong State Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Dehong 678400,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省高校森林灾害预警控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业局重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [3]德宏州林业和草原局,云南德宏678400

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第4期203-211,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD100200X);国家自然科学基金项目(31860208,31560207);西南林业大学木棉纤维人工林产业化培育省级创新团队项目(2018HC014)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确德宏州油茶炭疽病病原种类及其生物学特性,为油茶炭疽病的综合防控提供一定的参考依据。【方法】以油茶疑似炭疽病的叶片为材料,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,利用形态学结合ITS序列分析所获得菌株的分类地位,再回接油茶离体叶片验证其致病性及进行复合侵染实验,最后对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究。【结果】德宏州油茶炭疽病发生严重,野外调查发病率达84%,病情指数达33。明确了油茶炭疽病的病原菌为果生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum fructicola)和暹罗炭疽菌(C.siamense)。分离代表性菌株DHYC14(C.fructicola)和DHYC30(C.siamense)回接都能引起油茶健康叶片发病,与林间自然发病症状相似,认为这两株菌均为致病菌,且菌株DHYC14(C.fructicola)致病力强于DHYC30(C.siamense),而复合侵染产生的病斑明显小于单独接种病原菌产生的病斑。生物学特性研究显示,菌株DHYC14(C.fructicola)的最适培养基是PDA,连续黑暗条件下生长最好,最适生长温度为25℃,喜弱酸性环境pH 5~7,在以蔗糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上长势最优。DHYC30(C.siamense)的最适培养基是PDA,光照对该病原菌丝生长无显著性影响,最适生长温度为30℃,喜弱碱性环境pH 11,最佳碳、氮源培养基分别为甘露醇、蛋白胨和硝酸钠。【结论】引起德宏州油茶炭疽病的主要病原菌为果生炭疽菌(C.fructicola)和暹罗炭疽菌(C.siamense),且病原菌之间的生物学特性存在显著差异。【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the pathogen species and biological characteristics of Camellia oleifera anthracnose in Dehong Prefecture in Yunnan Province,which would provide a basis for effective prevention and control of C.oleifera anthracnose.【Method】The infected leaves of C.oleifera with anthracnose syndrome were collected and pathogens were isolated by tissue separation isolation.The isolated pathogens were identified by morphological and ITS sequence analysis,the pathogenicity and compound infection characteristics were verified on the detached leaves of C.oleifera.Furthermore,the biological characteristics of the pathogens were compared and analyzed.【Result】The incidence and disease index of C.oleifera anthracnose were 84%and 33,respectively.Colletotrichum fructicola and C.siamense were the main pathogens of C.oleifera anthracnose,represented by the two pathogenic strains named as DHYC14(C.fructicola)and DHYC30(C.siamense).Both strains of DHYC14(C.fructicola)and DHYC30(C.siamense)were pathogenic and could cause the same symptoms on healthy leaves of C.oleifera as anthracnose disease in the forest,and the pathogenicity of strain DHYC14(C.fructicola)was stronger than that of strain DHYC30(C.siamense),otherwise,the disease spots caused by single inoculation was significantly bigger than that caused by compound infection.The biological characteristics results showed that the optimal medium for strain DHYC14(C.fructicola)was PDA,which grew best under conditions dark,the optimal growth temperature was 25℃,the optimal pH was 5-7,and the optimum growth was on the medium with sucrose as carbon sources and peptone as nitrogen sources,respectively.The optimal medium for DHYC30(C.siamense)was also PDA,and light had no significant effect on its growth,the optimal growth temperature was 30°C,the optimal pH was 11,and the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were mannitol,peptone and sodium nitrate,respectively.【Conclusion】The main pathogens causing C.oleifera anthracnose disease were

关 键 词：油茶 炭疽病 病原菌 鉴定 生物学特性 德宏 

分 类 号：S763.1[农业科学—森林保护学]