非洲猪瘟诊断技术研究进展  

Advances in the Diagnostic Techniques for African Swine Fever

作　　者：苗春 李伟 杨思成 邵军军[1] 常惠芸[1] Miao Chun;Li Wei;Yang Sicheng;Shao Junjun;Chang Huiyun(Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,National Key Laboratory ofPathogenic Biology of Livestock Diseases,OIE/National Foot-and-mouth Disease Reference Laboratory,Gansu,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,家畜疫病病原生物学国家重点实验室,OIE/国家口蹄疫参考实验室,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2022年第1期82-89,共8页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：非洲猪瘟防控与重大动物疫病新型标记疫苗创制项目(CAAS ZDXT2018007)。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟防控目前暂无安全有效疫苗可用,因此快速、可靠的检测方法对其防控至关重要。目前应用的非洲猪瘟诊断技术主要表现在病原、核酸、抗原与抗体四个方面:病原检测主要有红细胞吸附和病毒分离方法,核酸检测目前已开发出实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)、多重PCR(mPCR)、微滴数字PCR(ddPCR)、巢氏PCR(nested-PCR)、环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)、重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA)、交叉引物扩增技术(CPA)、原位杂交技术(ISH)以及生物传感器技术等,抗原检测常用荧光抗体试验(FAT)、抗原ELISA、侧向流动免疫色谱分析(LFA)等,而抗体检测主要通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)、胶体金快速免疫层析法(GICA)、免疫印迹法(IBT)等方法。每种诊断技术都有其特点,从而为不同情况下的A SFV诊断提供了多种选择。未来,其他技术如CRISPR等与上述技术的结合应用,以及不同诊断技术的联合应用,将成为非洲猪瘟诊断技术发展的趋势。As no safe and effective vaccine had been available to prevent and control African swine fever(ASF),a rapid and reliable detection method would be essential for that purpose.Current diagnostic techniques for ASF mainly focused on pathogen,nucleic acid,antigen and antibody.Specifi cally,pathogen was mainly detected by erythrocyte adsorption and virus isolation;nucleic acid by real-time PCR(qPCR),multiplex PCR(mPCR),droplet digital PCR(ddPCR),nested-PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA),cross-primer amplification(CPA),in situ hybridization(ISH)and biosensor technology;antigen by fl uorescent antibody test(FAT),antigen ELISA,lateral fl ow assay(LFA),etc.;and antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),indirect fluorescent antibody assay(IFA),gold immunochromatography assay(GICA),immunobiotting test(IBT),etc.Each of which,with its specifi c characteristics,provided various options for detection of ASFV under different conditions.The diagnostic techniques would move towards combined other technologies such as CRISPR together with the above techniques as well as combined with several techniques in the future.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟病毒 病原学检测 血清学检测 联合应用 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]