两种革命与新旧辉格——柏克论光荣革命  

Two Kinds of Revolution and the New and Old Whigs——Edmund Burke on Glorious Revolution

作　　者：敖海静 Ao Haijing

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2021年第4期107-125,198,199,共21页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：法国大革命给英国带来了极大的冲击,激发了沉寂已久的激进思潮。在此背景下,普赖斯等激进辉格党人重新阐发光荣革命的政治原则,认为革命确认了人民选择和抵抗统治者的权利。柏克对此给予激烈反驳,但遭到激进派和新辉格党人背叛了其一以贯之的政治原则的指责,从而形成思想史上著名的"柏克问题"。但柏克通过发掘萨谢弗雷尔案中旧辉格对光荣革命原则的阐释,在必要性原则的基础上澄清了新旧辉格围绕抵抗权的论辩,同时在诉诸古宪法和原初契约的基础上捍卫了光荣革命不是发动革命,而是防止革命的政治原则,从而将光荣革命区别于法国革命,驳斥了潘恩等激进派启蒙思想对光荣革命和英国宪法的批判。The outbreak of French Revolution brought great impact on Britain,and rekindled the long-standing radical thoughts. In this context,the radical Whigs,such as Richard Price and Charles Fox,reinterpreted the political principles of the Glorious Revolution and believed that the revolution confirmed the people’s right to choose and resist the rulers. Edmund Burke refuted this view,but was accused by the radicals and New Whigs of betraying his persevering political principle,thus forming the famous" Burke problem" in the history of thought. However,by excavating the traditional Whigs’ interpretation of the Glorious Revolution in the trial of doctor Sacheverell,Burke clarified the arguments of the New and Old Whigs around the right of resistance on the basis of the principle of necessity,and at the same time on the basis of appealing to the ancient constitution and the original contract. He defended the traditional political principle that the purpose of Glorious Revolution was not to make a revolution,but to prevent the revolution,and thereby distinguished the Glorious Revolution from the French Revolution and rejected criticism of the British constitution by the likes of Price and Paine.

关 键 词：光荣革命 柏克 辉格党 萨谢弗雷尔案 抵抗权 古宪法 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]