新化湘方言擦音声学分析  

An Acoustic Analysis of Xinhua(新化)Xiang(湘)Dialect Fricatives

作　　者：许可 冉启斌[2] XU Ke;RAN Qibin

机构地区：[1]南开大学汉语言文化学院 [2]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2021年第4期72-84,111,127,128,共16页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国境内语言核心词汇声学数据库及计算研究”(19ZDA300);南开大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(63212025)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：《新化方言研究》中记录的新化方言在5个相同的发音部位上,存在清浊对立的10个擦音,是汉语方言中擦音数量非常多的方言;其10擦音系统在世界语言中也属于数量较大的异质组(heterogeneous set)。本文通过对新化方言擦音田野调查的录音分析,统计了新化方言中擦音的变化情况,分析了新化方言10个擦音的音长、音强、DTW距离等声学特征,可知新化方言仍保有10擦音系统,但表现出了较强的浊音清化趋势。清擦音音长较长,音强较弱且末端带有骤升段。根据DTW距离对10个擦音重新分类后可知,10个擦音的清浊对立较为明显,部分发音部位为舌尖后、舌面前的擦音被单独分为一类。Xinhua(新化)Dialect recorded in The Study on Xinhua Dialect(《新化方言研究》)has 10 unvoiced and voiced fricatives contrasting in five identical places of articulation.It is a dialect with an extremely abundant number of fricatives in Chinese dialects;and its 10-fricative system is also classified as a heterogeneous set with substantial quantity in the world’s languages.This Paper,through an analysis of the records of a field investigation on fricatives in Xinhua Dialect,collects the statistics on changes in fricative sounds in Xinhua Dialect,analyzes the acoustic characteristics of 10 fricatives in Xinhua Dialect including the sound duration,sound intensity and DTW distance,and demonstrates that Xinhua Dialect shows a strong sonant devoicing trend while maintaining its 10-fricative system.Each of its voiceless fricative is featured with longer sound duration,weak sound intensity and sharp rise at the end.It is noticed that the contrast between the 10 unvoiced and voiced fricatives is relatively significant after reclassifying used 10 fricatives based on DTW distance,and the fricatives at rear of the tongue tip and in front of the lingual surface are categorized into one type.

关 键 词：新化 擦音 湘方言 浊音清化 DTW距离 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]