尿素类型与施肥深度对冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性与产量的影响  

Effects of Urea Type and Fertilization Depth on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaves after Anthesis and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：曲晓莲 李耕[2] 仲锦维 王升臣 张雅芹 Qu Xiaolian;Li Geng;Zhong Jinwei;Wang Shengchen;Zhang Yaqin(Longkou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Longkou 265701,China;Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]龙口市农业技术推广中心,山东龙口265701 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第12期88-95,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300205);山东省园区产业提升工程项目(2019YQ014)。

摘　　要：为探究尿素类型与施肥深度对冬小麦产量的影响,试验于2015—2016年和2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行。采用裂区试验设计,尿素类型为主区,施肥深度为副区,主副区各设两个水平,通过对不同处理下冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性及不同指标的关系研究,从生理学角度揭示产量差异的原因。结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普-控释尿素处理可显著提高单位面积穗数和千粒重,进而获得高产;相较于浅施(5 cm),尿素深施(10 cm)可显著提高冬小麦产量。普-控释尿素处理显著提高花后旗叶面积和净光合速率(Pn),有效延缓叶片衰老,旗叶面积、净光合速率与千粒重存在极显著正相关关系,因而,小麦千粒重提高;干物质量的增长小于旗叶面积的增长,比叶重较普通尿素处理降低。同时,由于叶面积的增加,普-控释尿素处理的旗叶氮含量及单位叶面积氮含量(N_(area))均有下降趋势,但光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)显著提高。花后旗叶面积、干重及光合氮素利用效率随尿素施用深度的增加显著提高。普-控释尿素深施处理可显著提高ABS/CSm、TRo/CSm、ETo/CSm,有效改善光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)对光能的吸收和利用性能。In order to explore the effects of urea type and fertilization depth on winter wheat yield,the experiment was arranged in the wheat growing season of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.The split plot design was adopted with two urea types as the main plot and two application depths as the sub-plot.The photosynthetic characteristics and relationships between different indicators of flag leaves after anthesis of winter wheat were analyzed.The results showed that compared with normal urea treatment(T1),the treatment of mixture of normal urea and controlled-release urea(T2)could get higher yield by significantly increased the spike number per hectare and thousand-grain weight;compared with application in 5-cm soil layer(D1),application in 10-cm layer(D2)could significantly increase the yield.T2 treatment significantly increased the flag leaf area and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)after anthesis,and effectively delayed leaf senescence.Flag leaf area and net photosynthetic rate had significant positive correlations with thousand-grain weight.The increase in dry matter mass was less than that in area of flag leaves,so the leaf mass per area was lower than that of T1 treatment.Furthermore,the nitrogen content in flag leaves and that of per leaf area decreased under T2 treatment,but the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE)increased significantly.In the experimental conditions,the flag leaf area,dry matter and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency increased significantly with the increase of application depth.Fertilizer mixture application in 10-cm soil layer could significantly improve ABS/CSm,RTo/CSm and ETo/CSm,and effectively improve the light energy absorption and utilization of photosystemsⅡ.

关 键 词：冬小麦 尿素类型 施肥深度 光合特性 光合氮素利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.110.1[农业科学—作物学] S143