氮磷肥减量施用对直播稻籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Decreasing Application Rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Direct-Sowing Rice

作　　者：刘奇华[1] 马惠[1] 赵庆雷 隗茂增 谢先芝[1] 周学标[1] Liu Qihua;Ma Hui;Zhao Qinglei;Wei Maozeng;Xie Xianzhi;Zhou Xuebiao(Institute of Wetl and Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Licheng Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan City,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,山东济南250100 [2]济南市历城区农业农村局,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第12期102-108,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC003);山东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻创新团队项目(SDAIT-17-01)。

摘　　要：本试验以常规粳稻圣稻19为材料,设置对照F0(N 350 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2))、氮磷肥减施20%处理F1(N 280 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)108 kg/hm^(2))、氮磷肥减施40%处理F2(N 210 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)81 kg/hm^(2))、氮磷肥减施60%处理F3(N 140 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)54 kg/hm^(2)),研究氮磷肥减量施用对直播稻强势粒与弱势粒灌浆特点及产量的影响。结果表明,使用Richards方程能够较好地拟合各处理直播稻强势、弱势粒的灌浆过程。各施肥处理直播稻强势粒与弱势粒的灌浆为异步灌浆。与常规施肥(F0)相比,减施氮磷肥提高籽粒终极生长量及籽粒灌浆过程的平均粒重;在常规施肥基础上减施20%氮磷肥增加强势粒的最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率及达最大灌浆速率的粒重,分别比对照提高1.88%、1.17%、4.66%,活跃灌浆期也比对照有所延长。减施20%氮磷肥处理的弱势粒达最大灌浆速率的粒重比对照提高19.05%,且弱势粒达最大灌浆速率的时间及活跃灌浆期均比对照明显延长。减施氮磷肥20%、40%、60%均显著降低穗粒数,提高千粒重。减施20%氮磷肥对直播稻产量无显著影响,减施40%与60%氮磷肥显著降低直播稻产量。综之,各施肥处理对弱势粒籽粒灌浆的影响大于强势粒。与常规施肥(F0)相比,减施20%氮磷肥显著提高直播稻千粒重,虽然穗实粒数有所降低,但产量无显著变化,是一种较为合理的施肥技术。In this research,the conventional japonica rice Shengdao 19 was used as material,and the treatments of F0(N 350 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2)),F1(N 280 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)108 kg/hm^(2)),F2(N 210 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)81 kg/hm^(2))and F3(N 140 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)54 kg/hm^(2))were set to study the effects of decreasing application rates of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers on grain filling characteristics and yield of superior and inferior grains of direct-sowing rice.The results showed that the Richards equation could better fit the filling process of superior and inferior grains of direct-sowing rice,which was asynchronous grouting.Compared to F0 treatment,decreasing application rates of N and P fertilizers enhanced the ultimate grain growth and the average grain weight during grain filling.F1 treatment increased the maximum filling rate,average filling rate and weight the maximum filling rate of superior grains by 1.88%,1.17%and 4.66%respectively compared with F0 treatment,and the active grain filling period was also longer.The weight of inferior grains at the maximum filling rate under F1 treatment was 19.05%higher than that of F0 treatment,and the time reaching the maximum grain filling rate and the active grain filling stage of inferior grains were pronouncedly prolonged compared to F0 treatment.The treatments of F1,F2 and F3 significantly reduced the number of grains per panicle and increased the thousand-grain weight.F1 treatment had no significant effect on the yield of direct-sowing rice,and the treatments of F2 and F3 significantly reduced the yield.In conclusion,the effects of fertilization treatments on filling of inferior grains were greater than those of superior grains.Compared with F0 treatment,F1 treatment significantly increased the thousand-grain weight and had no significant effect on yield of direct-sowing rice,although decreased the numbers of grains per panicle,so it was more reasonable for nitrogen and phosphorus reduction application.

关 键 词：氮磷肥 减量施用 直播稻 籽粒灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S511.6[农业科学—作物学] S147.22