测试条件对锂离子电池针刺内短路的影响和机理综述  

The Influence and Mechanism of Test Conditions on Internal Short Circuit by Nail Penetration Test of Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：张震乾 谢乐琼 王莉[1] 何向明[1] ZHANG Zhen-qian;XIE Le-qiong;WANG Li;HE Xiang-ming(Institute of Nuclear&New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《电池工业》2021年第6期321-328,共8页Chinese Battery Industry

基　　金：科技部国际合作项目。

摘　　要：目前,锂离子电池在应用中仍然存在各种问题,如低温放电容量不足,循环寿命差,起火爆炸等。而对于人身及财产安全产生重大影响的是锂离子电池起火爆炸,即锂离子电池的热失控反应。常见的因外部条件导致锂离子电池热失控反应分为三种,一是机械滥用热失控,二是电学滥用热失控,三是热滥用热失控。机械滥用热失控在车辆撞击、底盘刮擦等事件中最容易出现,代表性的实验为针刺测试、挤压测试、跌落测试等。其中,针刺测试是最常见的机械滥用热失控的方法,同时也是研究锂离子电池内短路的最直观的方法。汇总了不同外部测试条件:针刺速度、针刺深度、针刺位置、钢针直径、不同SOC下的针刺结果,并且从微观层面分析外部测试条件对锂离子电池针刺内短路的影响,分析不同测试条件下的内短路机理。从测试条件方面,提出降低针刺内短路严重程度的方法,从而减少热失控发生及危害。At present,there are still various problems in the application of lithium-ion batteries,such as insufficient discharge capacity at low temperature,poor cycle life,fire and explosion,etc.The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries resulting in explosion,which has a significant impact on the safety of human life and property,should be paid more attention.The common thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries caused by external conditions can be divided into three types:mechanical abuse thermal runaway,electrical abuse thermal runaway,and thermal abuse thermal runaway.Mechanical abuse thermal runaway occurs most frequently in vehicle crashes,chassis scratches and other events.Representative experiments are nail penetration test,crush test,drop test,etc.Nail penetration test is the most common method of mechanical thermal runaway,and it is also the most intuitive method to study short-circuit in lithium-ion batteries.This paper summarizes the different results under external test conditions:nail speed,nail depth,nail position,nail diameter,different SOCs.The influence of external test conditions on internal short circuit by nail penetration test of lithium-ion batteries is analyzed from the micro level.And the mechanism of internal short circuit under different test conditions is analyzed.From the aspect of test conditions,the methods to reduce the severity of short circuit in nail penetration are put forward,so as to reduce the occurrence and harm of thermal runaway.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 针刺测试 测试条件 内短路机理 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]