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作 者:张召冉 张之慧 岳中文[3] 郭盛华 阎小亮 马文平 刘国庆 ZHANG Zhao-ran;ZHANG Zhi-hui;YUE Zhong-wen;GUO Sheng-hua;YAN Xiao-liang;MA Wen-ping;LIU Guo-qing(School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China;No.1 Coal Mine, Yangquan Coal Industry(Group) Co., Ltd., Yangquan 045000, China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;North Blasting Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, China)
机构地区:[1]北方工业大学土木工程学院,北京100144 [2]阳泉煤业(集团)有限责任公司一矿,阳泉045000 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [4]北方爆破科技有限公司,北京100089
出 处:《科学技术与工程》2021年第36期15392-15399,共8页Science Technology and Engineering
基 金:北京市教委科技一般项目(KM202110009008)。
摘 要:针对小断面岩巷钻爆法掘进中存在的矸石抛掷距离远、大块率高、炮眼利用率低等问题,以阳煤一矿S 8208巷为背景,采用专家访谈和现场跟班调研方式确定了制约岩巷掘进速度的主要原因,在此基础上开展了针对性的掏槽爆破参数、支护参数、劳动组织优化。采用二阶二段掏槽技术将矸石抛掷距离控制在15 m以内,炮眼利用率提高到92%,大块率显著降低;基于数值模拟技术和现场围岩收敛变形观测,优化支护参数,锚索支护工作量减少53%,同时保证了巷道的安全;采用“双十二”制的劳动作业形式,优化作业衔接,平行作业率提高至41.7%,实现了单班三循环,单班进尺最高5.2 m,平均单班进尺4.8 m,掘进速度最高达到251 m/月,平均掘进速度210 m/月,月进尺提高40%以上。实践结果表明:作业要求严苛条件下,二阶二段掏槽技术在进尺、抛掷距离等方面具有明显优势,辅以支护、劳动组织等优化,可以实现小断面岩巷钻爆法快速掘进,可为同类型岩巷掘进提供借鉴。Aiming at the problems of long throwing distance of gangue,high block rate and low utilization rate of blasthole in the drilling and blasting of small section rock roadway,taking the S 8208 roadway of Yangmei No.1 mine as the background,the restrictions for the speed of rock roadway drivage were determined by expert interviews and on-site follow-up investigation.On this basis,targeted blasting parameters,support parameters,and labor organization optimization were carried out.The two-step cutting technology was used to control the throwing distance of gangue within 15 m,the blasthole utilization rate is increased to 92%,and the bulk rate is significantly reduced.Based on numerical simulation technology and on-site observation of the surrounding rock convergence and deformation,optimizing the support parameters,reducing the workload of cable support by 53%,while ensuring the safety of the roadway.Using the"double twelve"labor organization,by increasing the parallel operation rate to achieve a single shift three cycles,the single shift footage is up to 5.2 m,the average single shift footage is 4.8 m,The highest drivage speed reaches 251 m/month,the average drivage speed is 210 m/month,and the monthly footage is increased by more than 40%.Practical results show that based on the analysis of factors restricting the speed of drivage,by optimizing the cutting technology,support and labor organization,it is possible to achieve rapid drivage with a small section rock roadway by drilling and blasting,which can provide a reference for the same type of rock roadway drivage.
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