实现地下水压采目标的精准控灌决策支持系统研究  

Development of a decision support system for irrigation management to control groundwater withdrawal

作　　者：王鸿玺 李红军[2] 齐永青[2] 董增波 李飞 阎超 邵立威[2] 张喜英[2,3] WANG Hongxi;LI Hongjun;QI Yongqing;DONG Zengbo;LI Fei;YAN Chao;SHAO Liwei;ZHANG Xiying(State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Marketing Service Center,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-saving,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]国网河北省电力有限公司营销服务中心,石家庄050035 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050022 [3]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第1期138-152,共15页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省节水科技创新专项(21326410D);国网河北省电力有限公司项目(SGHEYX00SCJS2100077)资助。

摘　　要：河北是我国重要的粮食主产省之一,作物高产稳产严重依赖灌溉,多年对地下水超采导致地下水位逐年下降,威胁区域灌溉农业可持续发展。在地下水限采政策实施后,如何实现地下水压采目标下利用有限灌水维持区域粮食生产能力,对实现区域粮食安全和水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。本研究提出了依据国网河北电力公司对河北平原农用机井电气化改造实现的灌溉用电实时采集和计量,通过“以电折水”换算,根据用电数据调控地下水开采,实现地下水开采总量控制,满足地下水压采目标。在此基础上,建立针对区域主要粮食作物冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟有限供水下的优化灌水制度和灌水调控土壤主要耗水层水分下限指标,通过提升限量供水下的水分利用效率,维持限水条件下区域粮食生产能力。集成用电信息和限量灌溉决策指标,形成确保地下水压采目标的精准控灌决策支持系统,服务农业生产。该决策支持系统可在实现调控灌溉水量的同时,进行优化灌溉决策,既满足政府对区域地下水开采的调控需求,也满足不同经营规模农户用水管理的需求,具有良好的应用前景。Hebei Province is an important grain production area in China.The high grain production of the main crops,winter wheat and summer maize,depends on irrigation,which primarily comes from underground water sources.However,the over-extraction of groundwater for many years has caused the groundwater level in this region to decline continuously,threatening the sustainable development of irrigation agriculture.Under the national policy of limited groundwater extraction,achieving the goal of controlling groundwater extraction,and simultaneously using available water to maintain regional food productivity,is of great importance to achieve regional food security and sustainable water usage.In this study,we proposed and tested an irrigation decision system designed to set a limit on the groundwater withdrawal amount and to optimize irrigation scheduling,with the aim of using the limited irrigation water efficiently.We proposed that the water drawn from underground was to be controlled by real-time recordings of irrigation electricity consumption,based on the electricity meter readings collected by the State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company,which has implemented a project to update the electric recording of pumping-wells in the Hebei Plain,and the electricity consumption of each pumping well to allow remote recording in real time.By converting“electricity consumption to irrigation water use”,the electricity meters was used to regulate and control groundwater withdrawal to achieve the groundwater withdrawal target.The pumping limit setup for each well was to be decided based on the available groundwater,which was adjusted annually based on the groundwater recharge amounts from rainfall,surface water,and lateral flow.Based on the available groundwater,water rights could be endowed to each piece of land,which could be regulated by converting the total electricity used in pumping water based on the conversion coefficient of“electricity consumption to irrigation water use”for each well.Under limited groundwater pumping,w

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 地下水用水限额 优化供水制度 以电折水 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]