滇西南山地农耕区蚤类物种多样性空间分布特征与鼠疫关系  

FLEA SPECIES DIVERSITY,SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND THE RELATIONS TO HUMAN PLAGUE IN YUNNAN SOUTHWEST MOUNTAIN FARMLAND

作　　者：琚俊科 李栋[1,5] 龚正达 高子厚 连宏宇[1] 权寿瑛[1] 段兴德 冯锡光 洪梅[2] 张丽云[2] JU Jun-Ke;LI Dong;GONG Zheng-Da;GAO Zhi-Hou;LIAN Hong-Yu;KWON Shou-Ying;DUAN Xing-De;FENG Xi-Guang;HONG Mei;ZHANG Li-Yun(Institute of Public Health,Dali University,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention,Puer 665099,Yunnan,China;Anyang No.5 People′s Hospital,Anyang 455000,He′nan,China;PKU Care Luan Hospital,Luan 046204,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南普洱665099 [4]安阳市第五人民医院,河南安阳455000 [5]北大医疗潞安医院,山西襄垣046204

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2021年第3期165-176,183,共13页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30460124,30860250)。

摘　　要：为调查和分析云南西南部山地农耕区蚤类物种多样性空间分布格局、特征及其与人间鼠疫的关系,本文以云南西南部家鼠鼠疫疫源地中的耿马、临沧、陇川、龙陵、盈江、梁河、腾冲和云龙8县市为调查研究的空间范围,对各县市多个乡镇农耕区进行小型兽类及寄生蚤类的调查取样,所获蚤类数据进行群落组织水平的测定和统计学处理,就当地蚤类物种多样性空间分布格局与人间鼠疫之间的关系进行分析和探讨。结果显示,(1)共捕获小型兽类2890只,隶属于7科19属35种;共采集宿主寄生蚤类2840只,隶属于6科16属27种。其中,印鼠客蚤(44.26%)和缓慢细蚤(20.39%)为数量上的优势种,偏远古蚤(8.56%)、长形病蚤(7.71%)和泸水栉眼蚤(6.76%)3蚤种数量相对较多,为当地的优势种,而其余的蚤种数量都相对较少;(2)蚤类水平分布和海拔分布的聚类分析结果显示均可聚为3类,它们整体反映了各调查样区或取样地点的地理位置、海拔高度和气候环境条件对农耕区蚤类群落和物种的组成、分布具有重要影响;(3)蚤类的Cody指数(β-多样性)沿海拔梯度的增加呈先逐步降低,后再升高的趋势,Sorenson指数随海拔增高呈先升高后降低的单峰分布格局,它们整体反映了滇西南山地农耕区蚤类群落和物种的组成与区系分布在2000~2500 m较高海拔的区域间发生了较大的变化;(4)蚤类的物种丰富度(γ-多样性)沿海拔梯度带变化规律总体呈现了随海拔升高呈先增高后降低的偏单峰分布格局,最大峰值出现在海拔1500~2000 m间,即在云南3类不同气候温层农耕区中,以中暖层气候农耕区蚤类物种丰富度最高;(5)蚤类的物种多样性指数(α-多样性)以腾冲市最高(1.9178),其他依次为梁河(1.6425)、云龙(1.6391)、陇川(1.5071)、龙陵(1.4948)、盈江(1.4778)、临沧(0.9402),而最低为耿马(0.2753);(6)蚤类的物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度、生态优�To investigate and analyze the spatial distribution pattern and characteristics of flea species diversity and its relationship with human plague,the investigation and sampling of small mammals and fleas were carried out in the farming area of 8 counties and cities in Yunnan southwest domestic rat plague foci(Gengma,Lincang,Longchuan,Longling,Yingjiang,Lianghe,Tengchong and Yunlong).The data of fleas were measured and statistically processed,the relationship of the flea species diversity and spatial distribution pattern to human plague was analyzed and discussed.Results:(1)a total of 2890 small mammals were captured belonging to 35 species,19 genera and 7 families,and of 2840 parasitic fleas belonging to 27 species,16 genera and 6 families were collected.Among the fleas,Xenopsylla cheopis(44.26%)and Leptopsylla segnis(20.39%)were the dominant species,Palaeopsylla remota(8.56%),Nosopsyllus elongatus(7.71%)and Ctenophthalmus lushuiensis(6.76%)were the local common species and showed relatively large quantity,while the number of the other species was relatively few.(2)The results of cluster analysis showed that fleas could be grouped into three groups,which reflected that the geographical location,altitude,climatic factors and environmental conditions had important influence on the composition and distribution of flea community and species in agricultural areas.(3)The Cody index(β-diversity)of fleas decreased first and then increased with the increase of altitude.The Sorenson index increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude.The results showed that the composition and fauna of flea community and species changed greatly in the areas of southwest Yunnan 2000-2500 m farming area.(4)The species richness(γ-diversity)of fleas along the altitude gradient showed a partial unimodal distribution pattern,i.e.increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude.The maximum peak appeared in the area of altitude 1500-2000 m,that is,among the three types of farming areas with different climate tem

关 键 词：蚤类 物种多样性 生态优势度 物种多度 空间分布 家鼠鼠疫疫源地 人间鼠疫 相关分析 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]