猪粪有机肥替代化学氮肥对水稻农学效应、安全效应及经济效益影响的综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation for the influence of substituting fertilizer by pig manure on agronomic effect,safety effect and economic benefit of rice

作　　者：纪洪亭 周炜[2] 郭智[2] 刘红江[2] 陈留根[2] 郑建初[2] 吴田乡 JI Hong-ting;ZHOU Wei;GUO Zhi;LIU Hong-jiang;CHEN Liu-gen;ZHENG Jian-chu;WU Tian-xiang(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area,Nanjing 210046,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Cultivated Land Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第6期1451-1459,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2020319-12)。

摘　　要：通过两年田间小区定位试验综合评估猪粪有机肥替代化学氮肥的农学效应、安全效应和经济效益,为猪粪有机肥替代化肥在水稻生产中的合理应用提供参考。结果表明,与常规施氮(CF100)相比,猪粪有机肥氮替代50%化学氮肥氮(CF50+PM50)处理对氮、磷径流流失质量浓度,氮、磷径流流失总量,氮、磷径流流失率的影响均不显著,且水稻产量未显著下降。猪粪有机肥氮替代100%化学氮肥氮(PM100)处理氮径流流失质量浓度、氮径流流失总量、氮径流流失率影响不显著,而显著增加磷径流流失质量浓度、磷径流流失总量、磷径流流失率,且两年水稻产量平均下降4.23%。与CF100处理相比,CF50+PM50、PM100处理提高了灌浆初期和灌浆后期剑叶叶绿素含量,而对灌浆初期和灌浆后期剑叶净光合速率影响不显著。CF50+PM50、PM100处理连续两年后提高了稻米中铜、锌健康风险指数,但两者累计健康风险指数均小于1,对人体健康没有危害。与CF100处理相比,CF50+PM50、PM100处理明显增加了肥料投入成本和人工成本,导致总投入成本增加,净收益显著下降。综上,猪粪有机肥氮替代50%化学氮肥氮可减少化学氮肥施用量,稳定水稻生产,避免了有机肥过量使用导致的养分径流流失,提高稻米铜、锌微量元素含量,但未增加水稻生产净经济效益。Two-year field plot experiments were conducted to estimate the effects of substituting fertilizer by pig manure on agronomic effect,safety effect and economic benefit of rice,aiming to provide a reference for the application of substituting fertilizer by pig manure in rice production.Results showed that compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer application(CF100),the treatment of 50%conventional nitrogen fertilizer with 50%pig manure(CF50+PM50)had no significant effect on the mass concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff,the quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff,and the loss rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff,and rice yield did not decrease significantly.The treatment of 100%pig manure(PM100)had no significant effect on the mass concentration of nitrogen in the runoff,the quantity of nitrogen in the runoff,and the loss rate of nitrogen in the runoff,but the mass concentration of phosphorus in the runoff,the quantity of phosphorus in the runoff,and the loss rate of phosphorus in the runoff were significantly increased.In addition,the grain yield of rice under PM100 treatment decreased on average by 4.23%in two years.Compared with CF100 treatment,CF50+PM50 and PM100 treatments increased the chlorophyll content of flag leaves at early and late filling stages,but had no significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at early and late filling stages.The CF50+PM50 and PM100 treatments for consecutive two years increased the health risk index of copper and zinc,but the cumulative health risk index of copper and zinc was lower than one,indicating that they were not harmful to human health.Compared with CF100 treatment,the CF50+PM50 and PM100 treatments significantly increased fertilizer input cost and labor cost,resulting in an increase in the total input cost and a significant decrease in the net income.Overall,CF50+PM50 treatment can reduce chemical nitrogen input,stabilize rice production,decrease the lass of nutrients in runoff due to excessive organic ferti

关 键 词：猪粪有机肥 稻田 农学效应 经济效益 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]