滴灌减量施肥对梨树体养分及果实产量、品质的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation and reducing fertilization on tree nutrient,fruit yield and quality of pear

作　　者：谢昶琰 王迪 安祥瑞 吴中营[3] 王东升[3] 魏树伟[4] 王少敏[4] 董园园 徐阳春 董彩霞 XIE Chang-yan;WANG Di;AN Xiang-rui;WU Zhong-ying;WANG Dong-sheng;WEI Shu-wei;WANG Shao-min;DONG Yuan-yuan;XU Yang-chun;DONG Cai-xia(Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes/Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huai'an 223001,China;Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai′an,271000,China;Changzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jiangsu Province,Changzhou 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心/教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [3]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002 [4]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [5]江苏省常州市农业技术推广中心,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第6期1526-1533,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFD0201400);现代果园灌溉施肥精准管理关键技术研究与示范项目(2018CXGC0208);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018389);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：采用田间试验,以9年生中梨1号梨树为试材,连续2年以常规施肥枪施肥为对照,以3种水溶肥35-10-7、17-17-16-TE和18-9-24-TE分别在采后、幼果期和膨大期以组合“套餐”形式,通过水肥一体化滴灌方式施肥。探讨水肥一体化滴灌施肥方式下梨树水溶肥组合对树体生长、果实产量及品质的影响,为梨树减肥提质增效提供科学的施肥依据。结果表明:1)2种施肥方式下各生育期内大、中量元素含量基本表现为短梢叶高于长梢叶,处理间无显著差异;微量元素Fe、Cu、B含量均表现为滴灌施肥方式下较高。2)果实中的N、P、K大量元素含量和Fe、Mn、B、Zn微量元素含量变化趋势较一致,均在果实发育中前期较高;在二次膨大期至成熟期,滴灌施肥方式下果实N、K元素和Ca元素含量显著高于对照。3)与对照相比,滴灌施肥方式能显著提高产量,2018年和2019年单株产量分别比对照高15.5%和52.9%;果实纵横径和果形指数无显著差异,可溶性固形物含量在2018年试验中无显著差异,而2019年低于对照,与负载量过大有关。综上所述,滴灌施肥方式下梨树水溶肥组合套餐可显著提高产量,尤其是提高了商品果产量,对果实单果质量、大小和果形指数影响不大。同时生产中应注意负载量应与供肥量协调。In this study,field experiments were conducted with the nine-year-old Zhongli No.1 as test material.The conventional fertilization was used as control for two consecutive years.Three kinds of water soluble fertilizers(35-10-7,17-17-16-TE and 18-9-24-TE)were supplied by drip irrigation in the form of combination at post-harvest,young fruit stage and expansion stage,respectively.The effects of water soluble fertilizer on pear growth,fruit yield and quality under drip irrigation of integrative water and fertilizer were investigated to provide scientific fertilization basis for reducing fertilization,improving quality and efficiency of pear tree.The results showed that the contents of large and medium elements in short-shoot leaves during different growth stages were higher than those in long-shoot leaves under two fertilization methods,and there was no significant difference between treatments.The contents of Fe,Cu and B were higher under drip irrigation.The contents of N,P,K,Fe,Mn,B and Zn in fruits showed a consistent trend,which were higher in the early and middle stages of fruit development.The contents of N,K and Ca in fruits under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under the control from secondary expansion stage to maturity stage.Compared with the control,drip irrigation treatment could significantly improve the yield.The yield per plant in 2018 and 2019 under drip irrigation treatment was 15.5%and 52.9%higher than that under the control,respectively.However,there were no significant differences in fruit transverse diameter,vertical diameter and shape index.The soluble solid content showed no significant difference in 2018,but it was lower than that in control in 2019,which was related to excessive load.In summary,the combination of water-soluble fertilizers under drip irrigation can significantly increase the yield of pear tree,especially the yield of commodity fruit,and has little effect on the weight,size and shape index of the fruit.In production,it should be noted that the load should b

关 键 词：梨 滴灌施肥 水溶肥 水肥一体化 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]