灌溉方式与施氮量对鲜食玉米生育前期生长发育的影响  

Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Affect Early-stage Growth and Development of Fruit Corn

作　　者：张旭 熊又升[1] 谢媛圆 朱秀秀 ZHANG Xu;XIONG Yousheng;XIE Yuanyuan;ZHU Xiuxiu(Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of A griculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第12期54-60,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBB082)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确灌溉方式和施氮量对鲜食玉米生长发育的耦合效应,为湖北省秋季鲜食玉米优化栽培提供参考。【方法】设置灌溉方式、施氮量两因素大田试验,灌溉方式设3个处理,分别为常规灌溉(W1)、滴灌(W2)和喷灌(W3);施氮量设3个水平,分别为不施氮(N0,0)、低氮(N90,90 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(N180,180 kg/hm^(2)),研究了3种灌溉方式与施氮量对鲜食玉米生育前期生长和根系发育的影响。【结果】灌溉方式、施氮量均显著影响鲜食玉米生育前期的植株生长、根系发育、养分吸收与利用,且两因素对植株干质量、根系形态、氮磷钾吸收量交互作用显著。相同氮肥用量下,喷灌显著促进鲜食玉米生育前期植株和根系生长、干物质累积和养分吸收。在鲜食玉米生育前期,喷灌处理的各生育指标均优于常规灌溉和滴灌,其地上部干质量比常规灌溉和滴灌高38.64%和40.84%,根系干质量高37.50%和45.68%,氮素吸收量高36.61%和28.83%,磷素吸收量高45.12%和40.28%,钾素吸收量高45.34%和30.47%。相同灌溉条件下,施氮可以促进鲜食玉米生育前期植株和根系生长、干物质累积和养分吸收,各生育指标均以N180处理最高,N90处理次之,N0处理最低。【结论】灌溉方式、施氮量对鲜食玉米生育前期生长和根系发育有显著的耦合效应,喷灌方式与施氮量180 kg/hm^(2)可以增加植株干质量。秋季鲜食玉米生产过程中建议使用喷灌方式,促进鲜食玉米植株和根系生长,提高鲜食玉米的养分吸收能力。【Objective】Autumn droughts have become increasingly frequent in Hubei province in recent years resulting in water stress for fruit corn growth.The purpose of this paper is to investigate how irrigation and nitrogen(N)fertilization combine to affect early-stage growth and development of the corn.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in 2020;it consisted of three irrigation treatments:conventional irrigation(W1),drip irrigation(W2)and sprinkler irrigation(W3);and three nitrogen fertilizations:no nitrogen application(N0),low nitrogen application of 90 kg/hm^(2)(N90),and high nitrogen application 180 kg/hm^(2)(N180).In each treatment,we measured the change in root and shoot traits,as well as acquisition of phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and N by the plant.【Result】Irrigation and nitrogen application both showed significant impact on plant growth,root development,absorption and utilization of P and K.When nitrogen fertilization was the same,sprinkler irrigation significantly promoted shoot and root growth,dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption and growth traits.Compared with conventional and drip irrigation,it also increased the above-ground dry weight by 38.64%and 40.84%,root dry weight by 37.50%and 45.68%,N absorption by 36.61%and 28.83%,P absorption by 45.12%and 40.28%,and P absorption by 45.34%and 30.47%,respectively.When the irrigation method was the same,N application promoted growth of both shoots and roots,in addition to the increased dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption.Among all fertilizations,N180 fertilization gave the highest growth indices,followed by N90.【Conclusion】Irrigation and nitrogen application had a significant coupling-effect on growth of the shoots and roots of the fruit corn during its early growth stage.Our results revealed that sprinkler irrigation combined with 180 kg/hm^(2)of N fertilization can increase plant dry weight and is hence suggested as an improved agronomic management for fruit corn production in Hubei province.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 生长 养分吸收 根系形态 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]