贵州岩溶山区岩质边坡草灌引种植被恢复试验研究  

Study on herbs and shrubs application in vegetation restoration of rocky side slope in Karst mountainous area of Guizhou

作　　者：何旭东[1] 韩宗珠[3] 缪雄谊[2] 田维强[1] 胡丽 阮凡 张洪明[1] 吴均平 HE Xu-dong;HAN Zong-zhu;MIAO Xiong-yi;TIAN Wei-qiang;HU Li;RUAN Fan;ZHANG Hong-ming;WU Jun-ping(The Second Engineering Investigation Institute of Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Zunyi 563000,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Karst Dynamics Laboratory,MNR&GZAR,International Research Center on Karst,under the Auspices of UNESCO,Guilin 541004,China;MLR Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266071,China;Mark Feier(Changsha)New Support Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省地矿局第二工程勘察院,贵州遵义563000 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点试验室,联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心,广西桂林541004 [3]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266071 [4]马克菲尔(长沙)新型支档科技开发有限公司,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2021年第6期161-168,共8页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：贵州省地矿局地质科研项目(黔地矿科合2016-25号);黔科合平台人才([2017]5402号);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFBA138051);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0406104)。

摘　　要：贵州属典型的岩溶山区,生态环境脆弱。近年来城镇化的高速发展留下大量的岩质边坡,亟待治理。尽管草灌引种被认为是边坡复绿的有效手段,但针对岩溶山区岩质边坡植被恢复研究较少,特别是在不同基材组合下不同植物种的生长特性缺乏了解,严重制约类似岩质边坡植被的恢复实践。因此,本文选择贵州常用的9种草本、6种灌木、3种乔木种子,进行播种试验;以挑选出最适生的植物种,探讨冬季播种对植物生长的影响。研究表明:不同植物种发芽及生长的临界气温差异较大,发芽率总体较低,冬季播种慎选;生态基材和增活基质对71.4%的植物种生长发育促生明显,敏感性强;肥皂水催芽方法对种皮坚硬的植物种效果显著;试验优选出适应性很强的植物种为:多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne Linn.)、白三叶(Trrifolium repens L.)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.)、盐肤木(Rhus chinensis Mill.)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)、坡柳(Salix myrtillacea Anderss.)等,可作为贵州岩质边坡植被恢复的首选植物。Guizhou Province is a typical karst mountain area,with the ecological environment is fragile.Recentlly,numberous rocky slope came out with the rapid urbanization,but the vegetations were commonly heavily damaged and hard to recover naturally.The vegetation restoration of rocky slope is poorly studied in karst mountainous areas.The germination of various vegetations in different substrates still remain unknown,which is adverse to the vegetation restoration of rocky slope in karst mountainous areas.Therefore,18 common used vegetations,including 9 herbs,6 shrubs and 3 trees,were employed in this study.All of the species were selected for planting experiments with different methods of seeding and germination to get the most suitable plant varieties matching the typical karst mountainous area of Guizhou.The results show that the minimum temperature of germination and growth among various plants is quite different.Germination rate are low in winter,which suggests that the species selection should be cautious.Ecological substrate and activated substrate have the significant impacts on germination and growth accelerating of 71.4%plants species.Accelerating germination with suds is effective to the plants with hard seed skins.The plant species with strong adaptability are selected as follows:Lolium perenne Linn,Trrifolium repens L,Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.,Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Rhus chinensis Mill.,Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.And Salix myrtillacea Anderss.All of them can be employed as most primary species in the restoration of rocky side slope in karst mountainous area of Guizhou.

关 键 词：岩质边坡 岩溶山区 生态基材 增活基质 引种试验 植被恢复 

分 类 号：S731.52[农业科学—林学]