华北典型超采区浅层地下水“三氮”时空变异及驱动因素分析  

Spatio-temporal Variation and Driving Factors of “Three Nitrogen” in Shallow Groundwater in Typical Over-exploited Areas in North China

作　　者：丛鑫 张珊珊 徐征和 徐立荣 潘维艳 王荣震 CONG Xin;ZHANG Shanshan;XU Zhenghe;XU Lirong;PAN Weiyan;WANG Rongzhen(College of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;China Gezhouba Group Survey and Design Co.,Ltd,Wuhan 430022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,济南250022 [2]中国葛洲坝集团勘测设计有限公司,武汉430022

出　　处：《地球与环境》2021年第6期603-614,共12页Earth and Environment

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR201807110054);山东省水利科研项目(SDSLKY201803)。

摘　　要：山东省临清市浅层地下水已成为当地水资源的重要组成部分,当地地下水超采严重,且极易受到生活、农业生产等活动的污染。本研究采用反距离权重法(IDW)对研究区地下水中"三氮"(硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨氮)浓度进行空间插值分析,运用聚类分析法对"三氮"浓度的时空变异性特征进行分析,在分析研究区"三氮"污染现状的基础上,进一步探究其驱动因素。结果表明,研究区地下水氮污染以"NH^(+)_(4)-N"为主,其质量浓度变化范围为0.239-2.304 mg/L,超标率100%。受降水量影响,呈现出"三氮"质量浓度在丰水期高于平水期的时间变异特征;受土地利用与地形的影响,呈现出"三氮"质量浓度在研究区中部地形低处的旱地与农村居民用地不同的空间变异特征。生活污染和人畜排泄物是研究区地下水"NH^(+)_(4)-N"污染的主要来源,是研究区地下水氮污染控制的重要措施;土地利用类型、地下水埋深、pH、DO、Mn^(2+)和Fe^(2+)等均是影响研究区地下水中"三氮"迁移转化的要素,是地下水氮污染治理不可忽略的影响因素。研究结果对了解研究区地下水"三氮"污染状况与控制治理等具有重要的意义。Shallow groundwater is an important part of local water resources for the Linqing City, Shandong Province. The local groundwater overdraft is serious, and groundwater quality is easy to be polluted by life, agricultural production and other activities. In this study, the inverse distance weighted(IDW) method was used to analyze the spatial interpolation of “three nitrogen”(nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen) concentrations in groundwater in the study area. The cluster analysis method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of "three nitrogen" concentrations. Based on the analysis of the status of "three nitrogen" pollution in the study area, the driving factors were further explored. The results showed that NH^(+)_(4)-N was the main nitrogen pollution of groundwater, and its concentration ranged from 0.239 mg/L to 2.304 mg/L, with the exceeding standard rate of 100%. Under the influence of rainfall, the concentration of "three nitrogen" in the wet season was higher than that in the normal season. Affected by land use and topography, the concentration of "three nitrogen" in dry land and rural residential land in the middle of the study area all presented different spatial distribution characteristic. The domestic pollutants and human and animal wastes were the main sources of NH^(+)_(4)-N pollution, which would be the first step to control the nitrogen pollution of study area. Land use types, groundwater depth, pH, DO, Mn^(2+), and Fe^(2+) were the impact factors that influence the distribution and transformation of "three nitrogen" in groundwater, which could be the considerable factors in the control of nitrogen pollution in groundwater of study area. The research results are of great significance for understanding the pollution status of nitrogen in groundwater and the control and prevention of nitrogen pollutant.

关 键 词：浅层地下水 硝态氮 亚硝态氮 氨氮 时空分布特征 驱动因素 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824