关于考古出土纸质文物保护利用的若干思考  

Conservation and Utilization of Paper Artifacts Unearthed from Archaeological Excavations

作　　者：何伟俊 HE Wei-jun(Key Scientific Research Base of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for the Conservation of Paper Relics,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210016;Nanjing Museum,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210016)

机构地区：[1]纸质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,江苏南京210016 [2]南京博物院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《东南文化》2021年第6期6-13,共8页Southeast Culture

摘　　要：19世纪末,我国西北地区开始有纸质文物的考古发现,其后纸质文物在多地考古发掘中均见出土。它们品种多、数量大,加工工艺、写印材料独特,时代自汉代至明清,其中的早期文物尤为珍贵。因其出土环境复杂,保护修复工作难以直接借助传统技术和现有科技,特别是潮湿环境和干燥潮湿交替环境下出土纸质文物的保护修复往往遭遇瓶颈。目前学界在科学分析检测、造纸工艺研究、科学信息提取等科学化研究方面取得了一定成就,但对糟朽类文物的病害机理、保护修复技术等研究还远远不够。因此,当务之急是开展本体材质、劣化与粘连机理研究,探究多因素协同作用对本体的长期影响和作用方式,研发新材料与新技术,并致力于探索这类文物的活化利用。In the end of the 19th century,paper artifacts were firstly discovered in archaeological exca⁃vations in the northwest of China.From then on,paper artifacts have been widely unearthed in different re⁃gions.Dating from the Han through Ming and Qing dynasties,these paper artifacts are diverse in type,large in number,unique in processing technique and writing material.Among them,those with early dates are par⁃ticularly previous.Due to the complex unearthing environments,their restoration can hardly rely on traditional techniques or modern technologies directly.The restoration of those that were unearthed in a humid or dry and humid alternating environment is particularly challenging.While research achievements have been made in the areas of analyzing and testing,papermaking technologies,and information processing,the dis⁃ease mechanism and conservation techniques of severely damaged paper artifacts are yet to be further stu⁃died.It is imperative to conduct researches on the paper material and the deterioration and adhesion mecha⁃nism,explore the long-term influence and effects of multiple factors,develop new materials and technolo⁃gies,and devote to the revitalization and utilization of these paper artifacts.

关 键 词：考古出土纸质文物 保护利用 纸质文物保护修复 科学化研究 糟朽纸质文物 造纸工艺 潮湿环境 干燥潮湿交替环境 

分 类 号：G112[文化科学]