论瑞昌马头“西晋”墓的年代与归属——兼谈孙吴时期的不归葬  

On the Dating and Identification of the“Western Jin”Tomb at Matou,Ruichang:Also on the Practice of Burial in a Strange Land in the Sunwu Period

作　　者：张科 ZHANG Ke(Yuelu Academy of Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan,410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《东南文化》2021年第6期77-87,共11页Southeast Culture

基　　金：湖南大学“中央高校基本科研业务费”的资助,系2020年度湖南省社科基金青年项目“区域比较视野下长江中游六朝墓葬研究”(项目编号:20YBQ036)的成果之一。

摘　　要：通过对墓葬要素的通盘考察和综合分析可知,瑞昌马头“西晋”墓的年代应为孙吴晚期。该墓的平面形制取法鄂城地区,随葬明器则多见江浙地区文化因素,故其丧葬文化兼具鄂城和江浙地区特色。马头墓墓主来自江浙一带,是对其丧葬文化特点最为合理的解释。江浙人士葬身都城以外的他乡之地,在孙吴时期并不鲜见,是孙吴不归葬的真实体现。孙吴不归葬的原因不止是“戎事军国异容”的时局,更在于统治者的强烈忧患意识。马头墓的年代调整为孙吴后,江西地区孙吴、西晋墓葬在模型明器之有无上的差异体现得更为明显,这与江浙地区的情况截然不同,反映了西晋一统后南方社会发展的区域性差异。An overall examination on the burial elements concludes that the tomb at Matou,Ruichang,which has been previously dated to the Western Jin,is from the late time of the Sunwu period.The burial cul⁃ture of this tomb bears regional features from both Echeng and Jiangsu and Zhe Jiang with the tomb shape from Echeng and the burial objects representing Jiangsu and Zhejiang,which suggests that the tomb occu⁃pant is most likely to come from Jiangsu or Zhejiang.Being buried outside the capital city was not uncom⁃mon during the Sunwu period when burial in a strange land was a general practice.The practice was caused by the political-military situation at the time but also driven by the ruler’s consciousness of unexpected hap⁃penings.The dating of the Matou tomb being rectified to be from the Sunwu period further reveals that in Ji⁃angxi tombs of the Sunwu period often contain burial objects while tombs of the Western Jin do not,which is different from that in Jiangsu and Zhejiang,reflecting the regional difference of social development in the south after the unification by the Western Jin.

关 键 词：瑞昌马头 西晋墓 年代 孙吴晚期 江浙籍人士 

分 类 号：K871.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]