洞庭湖春秋季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系  

Community Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Spring and Autumn in Dongting Lake

作　　者：王昊[1] 潘保柱 赵耿楠 韩谞 蒋小明 李典宝 WANG Hao;PAN Bao-zhu;ZHAO Geng-nan;HAN Xu;JIANG Xiao-ming;LI Dian-bao(State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Conservancy in the Northwest Arid Area,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第11期2659-2669,共11页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51622901)。

摘　　要：为探究影响通江湖泊-洞庭湖春秋季浮游植物群落结构的关键环境因子,分别于2018年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)对洞庭湖30个采样点的水环境和浮游植物进行了调查。结果显示:两次调查共鉴定浮游植物7门51属157种,其中4月(105种)和10月(120种)的物种数分别占本次调查总物种数的66.9%、76.4%。调查期间洞庭湖浮游植物主要优势门为硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门,群落结构由4月的硅藻型转变成10月的硅藻-绿藻型。浮游植物平均丰度4月(19.0×10^(4)cells/L)和10月(18.7×10^(4)cells/L)差异较小,4月平均生物量(0.67 mg/L)低于10月(0.83 mg/L)。对比两季度Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Marglef丰富度指数(d)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)及Beta多样性发现,洞庭湖春季浮游植物不同区域间差异较秋季大,整体物种多样性及丰富度均低于秋季。此外,冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,影响4月浮游植物群落结构的关键环境因子为pH、流速、电导率和透明度,10月为氨氮、水温、透明度和总氮。通过对比通江湖泊与阻隔湖泊浮游植物的相关研究发现,阻隔湖泊浮游植物生物多样性明显低于通江湖泊,而丰度和生物量却显著高于通江湖泊,这归因于阻隔湖泊水体以静水区为主,生境异质性低。通过分析通江湖泊与阻隔湖泊浮游植物群落结构差异的主导因素发现,水文水动力条件为首要影响因素,而水体理化因素如透明度、悬浮物及营养盐为次要影响因素。研究可为洞庭湖等通江湖泊的生态环境保护提供科学依据。In order to explore the key environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community characteristics in spring and autumn in the Dongting Lake,a systematic survey of water environmental parameters and phytoplankton was conducted at 30 sampling sites of the Dongting Lake in April and October of 2018.The results showed a total of 157 species of phytoplankton belonging to 7 phyla and 51 genera were identified,and species number in April(105 species)and October(120 species)accounted for 66.9%and 76.4%of the total,respectively.The dominant groups in two surveys were all Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta.Besides,community structure gradually changed from Bacillariophyta-dominated type to Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta-dominated type from April to October.The average densities of phytoplankton in April and October were 19.0×10^(4)cells/L and 18.7×10^(4)cells/L,respectively,which indicated that abundance in two seasons did not vary significantly.The average biomass increased from 0.67 mg/L in April to 0.83 mg/L in October.Comparing the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H),Marglef diversity(d),Pielou evenness index(J)and Beta diversity in two seasons,it was found that the difference of phytoplankton community among sampling areas of the Dongting Lake in spring was larger than that in autumn,while biodiversity and richness were lower than those in autumn.The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that pH,water velocity,conductivity and transparency were the key environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community characteristics in April.Ammonium,water temperature,transparency and total nitrogen were the key environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton community characteristics in October.Based on previous studies in the river-connected and isolated lakes,it was found that the biodiversity of the isolated lakes were far lower than river-connected lakes,while the phytoplankton abundance and biomass of the isolated lakes were significantly higher than river-connected lakes,which was ascribed to the loss of flowing water ha

关 键 词：洞庭湖 浮游植物 环境因子 群落特征 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]