三峡水库消落带泥沙沉积强度影响因素的分析研究  

Factors Influencing the Sediment Deposition in the Water-Level-Fluctuating-Zone Along the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：俞幸池 苏琴琴 谢姣姣 苏晓磊[1] 林锋[1] 阿依巧丽[1] 曾波[1] YU Xing-chi;SU Qin-qin;XIE Jiao-jiao;SU Xiao-lei;LIN Feng;AYI Qiao-li;ZENG Bo(Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region(Ministry of Education),Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resource Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land,School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室,西南大学西南山地生态循环农业国家级培育基地,西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第11期2746-2754,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505301);国家自然科学基金项目(31770465);重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX0021-01)。

摘　　要：三峡水库在带来经济效益的同时也引发了一系列生态环境问题,其中包括由于水库拦蓄所导致的泥沙沉积问题。水库泥沙沉积对水库消落带生态环境产生明显影响:一方面,沉积在消落带的泥沙会直接改变消落带的地形地貌;另一方面,泥沙沉积也给消落带带来了营养物质,有利于土壤瘠薄区域的消落带的植被生长和生态保护。为了揭示三峡水库蓄水期间消落带泥沙沉积强度的影响因素,为消落带生态环境保护和管理提供科学依据,在三峡水库选择了12个典型消落带样点,采用实地检测法,于2017年8月至2018年6月对各样点消落带的泥沙沉积强度及其自然环境特征进行检测研究。研究结果表明:(1)三峡水库蓄水期间消落带泥沙沉积强度受消落带距大坝里程、海拔高程、河岸形态、坡度、植被覆盖度的影响。(2)对于影响三峡水库蓄水期间消落带泥沙沉积强度的自然因素而言,消落带距大坝里程是影响消落带泥沙沉积强度的最主要因素,其余按影响程度由大到小依次为海拔高程、植被覆盖度、河岸形态,坡度对消落带泥沙沉积强度的影响最弱。In spite of providing considerable economic benefits,the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir causes many ecological and environmental problems,especially the sediment deposition caused by the impoundment of the reservoir.The sediment deposition of the reservoir has profound impacts on the ecological environment of its water-level-fluctuating-zone(WLFZ).For example,the sediment deposition can change the topography and geomorphology of the WLFZ and bring nutrients to the WLFZ,which is beneficial to the plant growth and ecological functions of the WLFZ in barren patches.In order to determine the factors influencing the sediment deposition in the WLFZ during the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and to provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of the ecological environment of the WLFZ,we selected twelve typical WLFZ sites along the Three Gorges Reservoir and monitored the sediment deposition depth from August 2017 to June 2018.The environment characteristics of each site were investigated.The results showed that:(1)During the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the thickness of deposited sediments on the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir was determined by a set of environmental factors,such as the water course distance from the dam,elevation,riparian morphology,slope,and vegetation coverage of the WLFZ.(2)Among these environmental factors,the geological position of the WLFZ to the dam was the most important factor,the rest were elevation,vegetation coverage,and riparian morphology according to the degrees of their importance,and the slope has the weakest influence on the sediment deposition depths of the WLFZ.

关 键 词：三峡水库 消落带 泥沙沉积 影响因素 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]