嘉陵江流域采矿废弃物安全现状研究--对小规模堆场的指示意义  

Security Assessment of Mining Wastes in Jialing River Basin: Indicative Significance for Small-scale Storage Yards

作　　者：李晓雨 杨放 彭秀红[1,3] 李贺领 唐亮 LI Xiao-yu;YANG Fang;PENG Xiu-hong;LI He-ling;TANG Liang(College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Sichuan Development Environmental Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610072,China;Applied Nuclear Techniques in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [2]四川省发展环境科学技术研究院有限公司,四川成都610072 [3]成都理工大学地学核技术四川省重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第11期2755-2762,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

摘　　要：全球采矿废弃物堆场平均面积为1.3 km^(2),我国采矿废弃物堆场为0.363 km^(2),而嘉陵江流域132个采矿废弃物堆场(主要为尾矿库)平均面积仅为0.11 km^(2),属于典型的小规模采矿废弃物堆场。规模越小越不易引起监管重视,易产生滑坡、泥石流、矿渣扩散污染等环境问题,研究其安全现状具有重要意义。以野外调查为基础,对堆场与流域地理要素耦合关系进行分析,发现采矿废弃物堆场多位于嘉陵江上游,严重影响下游四川省广元市、南充市,甚至重庆市的用水安全。此外,流域内采矿废弃物堆场“头顶库”比例接近90%,不规范堆场比例达38.6%;结合流域内坡度分析,发现流域内采矿废弃物受滑坡威胁的比例大于43.2%。在水/风侵蚀作用下,采矿废弃物将有5.4~7.2 t/a左右的有害重金属(Pb、Zn为主)进入临近土壤及水系中,形成持久危害。嘉陵江流域采矿废弃物所在地形、气候、堆场规模及监督管理是影响堆场安全的重要因素,相关部门应重视矿山尾矿库的前期规划,重视小规模采矿废弃物的后期监督管理。The average occupied land of global mining waste storage yard is 1.3 km^(2),the China is 0.363 km^(2),while the Jialing River Basin is only 0.11 km^(2) from 132 mining waste storage yards(mainly tailings ponds),which is a typical small-scale cases.Small-scale mining waste yard is hard to attract authority attention,and readily lead to landslide,debris flow,and waste diffusion pollution.Based on field surveys,combined with Remote Sensing,GIS and watershed geographic factors,it reveal that mining waste is located in the upstream of the Jialing River,and seriously affects the water safety of Guangyuan and Nanchong City in Sichuan province,and Chongqing City.In addition,the proportion of“overhead storehouse”in the mining waste storage yard is close to 90%,the non-standard storage yards is 38.6%,the wastes sites which threatened by landslides are greater than 43.2%.Under the water/wind erosion,5.4-7.2 ton/year of toxic metals(mainly Pb and Zn)diffuse to the adjacent soil and water systems,eventually causing permanent contaminant.The terrain,climate,dumped scale,supervision and management are the factors that affect the safety of mining waste,relevant departments should focus on the preliminary layout of mine tailings ponds and strengthen the management of small-scale mining wastes yard.

关 键 词：采矿废弃物 嘉陵江流域 安全现状 

分 类 号：TD7[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]