巴列维王朝的民族政策对伊朗阿塞拜疆人影响探析  

An Analysis of the Impacts Exerted by the Pahlavi Dynasty’s Ethnic Policy upon Iranian Azerbaijanis

作　　者：赵建明[1] Jianming Zhao

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院国际问题研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《世界民族》2021年第6期43-57,共15页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2020年上海市规划课题“后疫情时代中东地缘政治格局的演化及中国的对策研究”(2020BGJ006);上海浦江人才计划“派系政治与后伊核时代伊朗的外交政策变化”(17PJC078)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：巴列维王朝是现代伊朗的起点。为抵御外敌和实现富国强兵,国王礼萨·汗开启了伊朗的现代化进程,并将波斯化运动作为现代民族国家构建的手段,系统改造阿塞拜疆等少数民族。但是礼萨·汗推行的波斯化运动造成了伊朗国内波斯民族同阿塞拜疆等民族的对立,激发了伊朗的阿塞拜疆民族主义。由于这一时期伊朗仍然积贫积弱,在国家主权甚至内政上并不能完全独立自主。在民族政策上,伊朗国王也不是伊朗现代民族国家建构的唯一决定性因素。随着第二次世界大战的爆发,苏联为攫取利益,选择支持伊朗的阿塞拜疆人对抗中央政府,这让伊朗的阿塞拜疆民族主义得以在苏联保护下兴起,并进而建立阿塞拜疆民主共和国。尽管这一尝试最终因苏联的政策变化归于失败,但它为伊朗的阿塞拜疆民族主义复兴埋下了种子,民族利益受到严重侵害的伊朗阿塞拜疆成了伊斯兰革命的先驱,并最终推翻了巴列维王朝。The Pahlavi Dynasty was the starting point of modern Iran.In order to resist foreign enemies and make Iran prosperous economically and strong militarily,Shah Reza Khan kicked off the modernization process of Iran.In the respect of ethnic policy,Shah Reza Khan launched the Persianization Campaign,as a measure for modern nation-state building,to systemically transform Iranian Azerbaijanis and other ethnic minorities.However,such a campaign intensified ethnic confrontation between the Persians and the Azerbaijanis and other ethnic minorities,thus triggering the rise of nationalism on the part of the latter.As Iran was still poor and weak during this period,it could not act independently on its state sovereignty and domestic affairs.In terms of ethnic policy,Shah was not the sole decisive factor in modern nation-state building.After the outbreak of World War II,the Soviet Union chose to support Iranian Azerbaijanis in their fight against the Central Government for its own benefits.With Soviet support and protection,nationalism among Iranian Azerbaijanis began to thrive with an attempt to establish the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan.Although this political attempt of Iranian Azerbaijanis ended in failure due to the Soviet policy shift,it has sown the seed of rejuvenation of Azerbaijan nationalism in Iran.As a result,Iranian Azerbaijanis,whose ethnic interests had been severely violated,became the vanguards of the Iranian Islamic Revolution that eventually overthrew the Pahlavi Dynasty.

关 键 词：阿塞拜疆民族主义 巴列维王朝 波斯化运动 大不里士起义 

分 类 号：D737.3[政治法律—政治学]