华南双季稻化肥减施增效综合技术模式及技术规程  

Double-Cropping Rice in South China:Comprehensive Technical Model and Specification of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase

作　　者：韦善清[1] 谢慧敏 吴可 梁和[1] 江立庚[1] WEI Shanqing;XIE Huimin;WU Ke;LIANG He;JIANG Ligeng(Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming Systems,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004)

机构地区：[1]广西大学作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室,南宁530004

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第36期1-5,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点计划项目“热带双季稻药肥高效利用及减施综合技术模式集成和示范”(2018YFD020030503)。

摘　　要：水稻生产过程中化肥的不合理施用,带来了农产品生产成本增高、农田环境污染等问题,影响水稻生产的可持续发展。于2018—2020年,在单项技术研究基础上,开展本研究,旨在形成适合华南双季稻区的化肥减施增效综合技术模式。研究选用高产、高效水稻品种(双高),同时优化氮、磷、钾肥的比例结构以及基蘖肥的比例结构(双优),在化肥中补充施入海藻精和微生物菌剂(双补),合理平衡移栽密度与肥料施用量、水气平衡方法水分管理(双平衡)的方法。2019—2020年在象州和宾阳县进行技术示范,化肥减量综合技术示范区的化肥施用量比对照减少化肥用量17%(包括氮、磷、钾肥)基础上,平均稻谷产量分别为6479.76 kg/hm^(2)、6755.62 kg/hm^(2),其稻谷产量分别比对照增产2.30%和6.55%。本研究总结了华南双季稻化肥减施增效技术规程。The unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer in the process of rice production has led to the increase of production cost of agricultural products,farmland environmental pollution and other problems,which could affect the sustainable development of rice production.In 2018-2020,based on single technology research,this study was conducted to form a comprehensive technology model suitable for the double season rice area in South China.In the study,high yield and high efficiency rice varieties(double-high)were selected,and the proportion structure of N,P and K fertilizer and basal tiller fertilizer(double-excellent)were optimized,seaweed extract and microbial agent(double-supplement)were supplemented to chemical fertilizer,and transplanting density was balanced with fertilizer application amount and water management was carried out according to water vapor balance method(double-balance).From 2019 to 2020,the technology demonstration was carried out in Xiangzhou County and Binyang County.Based on the reduction of chemical fertilizer application by 17%(including nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)in comparison with the control,the average rice yield was 6479.76 kg/hm^(2) and 6755.62 kg/hm^(2) in Xiangzhou and Binyang,respectively,and the rice yield increased by 2.30%and 6.55%,respectively.This paper summarized the technical model of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase for double-cropping rice in South China.

关 键 词：华南双季稻 化肥减施增效 技术规程 海藻精 微生物菌剂 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]