LPG球罐BLEVE过程中超压与热耦合效应模拟研究  

Simulation of Overpressure and Thermal Coupling Effects in LPG Spherical Tank BLEVE Accidents

作　　者：高玉格 马鑫[2] 关磊[1] 卢晓刚 李铁[2] 刘建[2] GAO Yuge;MA Xin;GUAN Lei;LU Xiaogang;LI Tie;LIU Jian(China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012 [2]北京科技大学,北京100083 [3]青岛中油华东院安全环保有限公司,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2022年第1期1-4,9,共5页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0804900)。

摘　　要：为评估LPG球罐发生BLEVE过程中超压与热耦合效应对化工企业抗爆控制室和避难所选址的影响,采用TNO多能法数学模型计算冲击波超压,采用多源数学模型计算火球热辐射。编写MATLAB计算程序,并应用ANSYS模拟二者破坏效应的耦合作用。LPG球罐发生BLEVE过程中,爆炸冲击波的传播速度、持续时间和火球的传播速度、持续时间不同,爆炸冲击波主要在燃料高速抛散的初期形成,之后基本与火球脱离。分别模拟计算冲击波超压和火球热辐射对抗爆控制室和避难所的影响,结果表明:抗爆控制室选址只需考虑爆炸冲击波的影响;避难所选址需要考虑冲击波超压和火球热辐射作用双重影响。在研究基础上提出,LPG球罐附近人员逃生的避难所应设置在球罐防火堤外紧邻防火堤处的地下,应具有抗震、防渗、防火、防中毒窒息等功能。人员应在BLEVE发生前进入避难所才能逃生。In order to evaluate the influence of coupling effects of overpressure and heat in a BLEVE accident of a LPG spherical tank on site selection of anti-explosion control rooms and shelters for chemical enterprises,TNO multi-energy mathematical model is used to calculate shock wave overpressure,and multi-source mathematical model is used to calculate fireball thermal radiation.MATLAB scripts and ANSYS software are used to simulate the coupling effects of the two types of BLEVE hazards.During an LPG spherical tank BLEVE accident,speed and duration of the shock waves,and speed and duration of the fireball are different.The shock waves form in the early stages of high-speed fuel expansion,and propagate faster,and they quickly leave the fireball behind.In this paper,the effects of shock wave overpressure and fireball thermal radiation on anti-explosion control room and shelter are simulated respectively.The results show that the site selection of anti-explosion control room only needs to consider the impact of explosion shock wave and the double influence of shock wave overpressure and fireball thermal radiation should be considered in the location of shelter.On the basis of the research,it is proposed that the escape shelter of people near LPG spherical tank should be set up in the underground adjacent to the fireproof embankment outside the spherical tank,which should have the functions of earthquake resistance,seepage prevention,fire prevention,poisoning and suffocation prevention,and so people should enter the shelter to escape before BLEVE occurs.

关 键 词：BLEVE 耦合效应 抗爆控制室 避难所 冲击波超压 火球 

分 类 号：TQ0[化学工程]