南极条约协商会议的组织结构与运作变迁  

The Evolution of Structure and Operation of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings

作　　者：王婉潞 潘敏 WANG Wanlu;PAN Min(Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China;Tongji University,Shanghai,200092,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学国际关系学院,南京210023 [2]同济大学政治与国际关系学院极地与海洋国际问题研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2021年第12期93-104,共12页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“极地地缘政治风险与我国参与国际治理政策问题研究”(2019YFC1408205)子课题“新时期我国参与极地治理研究”;教育部人文社科基金青年项目“极地竞争新态势与我国对策研究”(21YJCGJW007)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2021年是《南极条约》生效60周年。南极条约协商会议是南极国际治理的核心决策机制,独立于联合国系统。60年来,随着世界格局与经济社会的发展,该协商会议的组织结构与实际运作发生显著变化。以1991年为界,早期南极条约协商会议机制由预备会议和协商会议构成。当前,在组织结构方面,南极条约协商国取消了预备会议,增设了环境保护委员会、秘书处以及会间联络组;在实际运作方面,协商会议下设的工作组承担越来越多的重任。通过梳理与归纳历届南极条约协商会议《最终报告》、研究协商会议机制的组织结构与实际运作的变迁,为我国在新的战略环境中更高效地参与南极治理、开展南极外交提供思路。2021 marks the 60^(th) anniversary of the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty.The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting(ATCM)is the central decision-making mechanism in Antarctic governance,which is separated from the United Nations system.With the development of the world order and the economic society in the past sixty years,significant changes have taken place in the organizational structure and operation of the ATCMs.Taking 1991 as the boundary,the early ATCM mechanism consists of preparatory meetings and consultative meetings.Currently,in terms of organizational structure,the preparatory meetings have been cancelled and the Committee for Environmental Protection(CEP),the Secretariat,and Intersessional Contact Groups(ICG)have been established.In terms of operation,the Working Groups assumed more and more important tasks.By sorting out and summarizing the Final Reports of the previous ATCMs,and exploring the changes of the organizational structure and actual operation of the Consultative Meeting mechanism,this article provides ideas for China to participate in Antarctic governance more efficiently and to carry out Antarctic diplomacy in the new strategic environment.

关 键 词：南极条约协商会议 南极治理 南极条约体系 组织结构 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]