天府之国与中印古代文化交流  

Tianfu zhi Guo and the Cultural Exchanges between Ancient China and India

作　　者：薛克翘[1] XUE Keqiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太所

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第6期107-115,157,共10页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：古代中印文化交流曾经是丝绸之路上文化交流的主要内容,而天府之国以其独特的地理位置和丰富物产成为西南丝路的起点。以翔实的史料为依据,我们可以从多个方面考察天府之国在中印文化和物质交流史上的重要位置。根据《史记》记载,这里与印度的交往至少开始于公元前2世纪以前。从张骞在大夏国看到蜀布、邛竹杖的记载可知,天府之国到西域还有一条久已存在的丝绸之路——西南道。在更早之前,印度人很有可能就是从中国西南方得知了秦国的存在,并开始称中国为"秦"。关于蜀锦在南亚次大陆的传播,汉文史籍中的相关记载远不止张骞在大夏见到蜀布一例,还有《后汉书》《魏书》《洛阳伽蓝记》等文献中的相关资料。除文字记载外,考古资料也值得关注。从三星堆发现的海贝可以推测,天府之国与印度的贸易往来可能在3400年前就已出现。此外,最早的印度侨民和他们在我国西南地区的商业活动,同样可以印证天府之国在促进古代中印佛僧往来、发展佛经汉译与刊刻事业等方面所起到的重要作用。The exchanges between ancient China and India were a major part of Silk Road cultural exchanges.Tianfu zhi Guo(literally'“Heavenly State”,a name for today's Sichuan Province)became the starting point of the Southwestern Silk Road.According to Shi Ji,the interaction between this place and India had already started before the 2nd century BC.Judging from Shi Ji's account regarding Zhang Qian's discovery of Shubu(clothes from Shu)and Qiong Zhuzhang(bamboo canes from Qiong)in Daxia,we came to know that the Southwestern Silk Road had existed between Tianfu zhi Guo and Xiyu(the Western regions)for a long time.To be sure,the story about Zhang Qian's discovery of Shubu was by no means the only example in Chinese historical records that provided evidence for the dissemination of Shujing(brocade from Shu)in the subcontinent of South Asia.This essay adds more textual evidence in this respect by drawing on various sources,such as Hou Hanshu,Weishu,and Luoyang Qielan Ji,etc.Archaeological materials also deserve attention.According to the seashells discovered in Sanxingdui,it can be estimated that trade and commercial interactions between Tianfu zhi Guo and India appeared as early as 3400 years back.

关 键 词：天府之国 丝绸之路 中印文化交流 贸易 佛教 

分 类 号：K103[历史地理—历史学]