青海南部兴海地区高寒草原牧草干旱指标研究  

Study of Herbage Drought Indexes in Alpine Grassland over South Qinghai Province

作　　者：杨东 赵久渊 孙瑛[1] 张思睿 吴让 赵恒和[1] Yang Dong;Zhao Jiuyuan;Sun Ying;Zhang Sirui;Wu Rang;Zhao Henghe(Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Gonghe,Qinghai Province,Gonghe 813099,China;Meteorological Bureau of Guinan County,Qinghai Province,Guinan 813199,China;Meteorological Bureau of Xinghai County,Qinghai Province,Xinghai 813300,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省海南州气象局,青海共和813099 [2]青海省贵南县气象局,青海贵南813199 [3]青海省兴海县气象局,青海兴海813300

出　　处：《草学》2021年第6期43-49,共7页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501903);中国气象局成都高原气象研究所合作项目(2019-05S-J813)共同资助。

摘　　要：理解高海拔地区草原干旱有助于加深对草地生态系统结构和功能变化的认知。因此,本文以青海南部的高寒草原为研究对象,研究了近17年间草原发生轻、中和重度干旱的次数。结果表明,兴海地区无灌溉条件下降水量与牧草产量、降水量与土壤储水量、土壤储水量与牧草产量均呈显著的正相关关系;月合计蒸发量与牧草产量呈显著的负相关关系。兴海地区0~30cm土层是以禾本科牧草为主的天然草场供水的敏感区,而0~30cm土壤水分对自然降水的敏感性响应较下层土壤强。0~30cm土壤储水量、月累积降水量和月合计蒸发量可以作为该区牧草干旱程度(正常、轻度干旱和重度干旱)的划分指标。近17年来,兴海地区天然草场牧草生长正常月份出现了7次,重度干旱发生了3次,出现轻度干旱的月份共计有58次。the understanding of grassland drought in high-altitude areas is helpful to deepen the understanding of the structural and functional changes of grassland ecosystem.Therefore,this paper took the alpine grassland over the south of Qinghai province as the research object,and studied the frequency of mild,moderate and severe drought in the grassland in the past 17 years.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the decrease of water quantity and the forage yield,the precipitation and the soil water storage,and the soil water storage and the forage yield.There was a significant negative correlation between monthly evaporation and forage yield.The 0~30cm soil layer was a sensitive area for water supply from natural grassland dominated by grass in Xinghai area,and the sensitivity response of 0~30cm soil water to natural precipitation was stronger than that of the subsoil.Soil water storage,monthly cumulative precipitation and monthly total evaporation of 0~30cm can be used as indicators for the classification of drought degree(normal,mild drought and severe drought)of herbage in this area.In the past 17 years,7 times of normal growth,3 times of severe drought and 58 times of mild drought occurred in natural grassland over Xinghai area.

关 键 词：高寒草原 牧草产量 土壤储水量 降水量 干旱指标 

分 类 号：S540.34[农业科学—作物学]