3个野生近缘种与不同栽培蕉的杂交亲和性  

Cross-compatibility among Three Wild Banana Species and Various Cultivars

作　　者：李伟明[1] 胡会刚[1] 胡玉林[1] 段雅婕[1] 陈晶晶[1] 谢江辉[1] 王文华[2] LI Weiming;HU Huigang;HU Yulin;DUAN Yajie;CHEN Jingjing;XIE Jianghui;WANG Wenhua(Institute of South Subtropical Crops,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit,Zhanjiang,Guangodng 524091,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa,Tibet 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室/国家热带果树种质资源圃,广东湛江524091 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨850032

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第12期3500-3507,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(No.XZ 2018ZR G-46);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.319MS096);广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2018A030313602)。

摘　　要：雌、雄性高度不育等因素导致现有栽培蕉遗传基础狭窄、抗逆力衰退,杂交育种是拓展其遗传多样性并改良关键农艺性状的重要途径,但国内外鲜见相对系统的研究报道。为了寻找可杂交利用的父、母本材料,本研究对3份野生父本材料Musa acuminata、Musa balbisiana和Musa cheesmani的花粉活力进行检测,然后以5类栽培蕉,即香芽蕉(AAA)、粉蕉(AAB)、大蕉(AAB)、龙牙蕉(ABB)和皇帝蕉(AA)的多份代表性品种为母本,两两组合进行杂交,检测不同组合的结籽率、种子萌发率、正常苗率。结果表明:母本基因组型为ABB的品种均可结籽;与另外2份野生蕉相比,M.balbisiana作为父本时结籽率、种子萌发率和正常苗率3项指标总体上最为理想;近缘野生种M.cheesmani与栽培品种杂交可以获得后代。本研究较为系统地开展了香蕉杂交试验,取得了多项数据,可为国内外尤其是国内正在兴起的香蕉杂交育种研究提供参考。The majority of banana cultivars are male sterility,which give rise to the lack of banana diversity and varieties recession in resistance.The cross-breeding deserves a good strategy for the improvement of genetic diversity and agronomic traits.In order to find out the genotypes qualified as male and female parents,we conducted large-scale cross-breeding among three wild relatives and various cultivars.The pollen activity was examined for the wild relatives of Musa acuminata ssp.malaccensis(AA),Musa balbisiana(BB)and Musa cheesmani.The pollen staining rate(>63%)was high for all species.Popular cultivars Musa AAA,Musa AAB,Musa ABB including Pisang Awark and Da jiao,Musa AA were cross-bred with the wild relatives(male).The seed set,seed generation and seedling morphological trait were observed to evaluate the cross-compatibility of different combinations.Only Musa ABB could set seeds.The seed set,seed generation and seedling morphological trait for M.balbisiana were much better.M.cheesmani was compatible with some cultivars.The study would provide reference dataset for worldwide banana researchers.

关 键 词：香蕉 杂交育种 野生种 亲缘关系 杂交亲和性 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]