淮河流域农村女性被动吸烟状况及相关因素分析  

Status and related factors of passive smoking among rural females in Huaihe river basin

作　　者：张晗[1,2] 贺小桃 张金良[1,2] 吕占禄[1,2] 罗斌[1,3] 刘凯[1,2] 邹天森[1,2] 郭凌川[1,2] 谷亚亚 徐晓程 ZHANG Han;HE Xiao-tao;ZHANG Jin-liang;Lü Zhan-lu;LUO Bin;LIU Kai;ZOU Tian-sen;GUO Ling-chuan;GU Ya-ya;XU Xiao-cheng(State Key Lab of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Gansu Province 730000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境健康风险评估与研究中心,北京100012 [3]兰州大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生研究所,甘肃省兰州730000

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2021年第12期910-913,共4页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

基　　金：环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室专项经费(22060204005)。

摘　　要：目的了解农村女性被动吸烟现状及其相关因素,为健康宣教和控烟工作提供科学依据。方法研究对象来源于2015—2018年重点县(区)农村居民暴露参数与环境风险因子调查。调查地区为项目选定的淮河流域6个重点县(区),采用目的抽样在每个县(区)选择4个乡镇15~16个自然村。选择该数据库中1394名20~75岁非吸烟女性为研究对象。问卷调查内容包括社会人口学特征、环境风险因子情况和疾病与健康状况。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果756人(54.2%)报告有被动吸烟情况,其中38.3%的家庭中配偶和其他家庭成员共同吸烟,45.0%的家庭中仅有配偶吸烟,16.7%的家庭中仅有其他家庭成员吸烟。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,未婚或在婚(OR=3.534,95%CI:2.163~5.773)、体质指数(BMI)≥24.0 kg/m^(2)(OR=1.446,95%CI:1.152~1.814)、务农(OR=1.311,95%CI:1.004~1.711)、使用气体燃料(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.063~1.685)增加女性被动吸烟风险,家庭收入低于4000元(OR=0.579,95%CI:0.418~0.802)、年龄≥50岁(OR=0.666,95%CI:0.517~0.858)、饮用自来水(OR=0.661,95%CI:0.483~0.904)降低女性被动吸烟风险。结论淮河流域农村女性被动吸烟率较高,配偶在家吸烟是主要原因,应重点加强年轻、在婚和务农女性及其配偶的健康教育,减少农村女性烟草烟雾的暴露。Objective To understand the status and related factors of passive smoking among rural females,and provide the scientific evidences for environmental health education and tobacco control.Methods The subjects were from the investigation of exposure parameters and environmental risk factors from 2015 to 2018.The investigation areas were 6 counties(districts),and15-16 villages in 4 towns for each county were selected.A total of 1394 non-smoking females(20-75 years old)from the database were selected as the subjects.The investigation was performed with the questionnaire(including social demography characteristics,environmental risk factors and diseases or health conditions).The χ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 18.0.Results Among 1394 subjects,756 cases(54.2%)were reported as passive smokers,in 38.4% of households,the spouses and other family members were co-smoking,in 45.0%of households only spouses were smokers,in 16.7% of households only other family members were smokers.The multivariate logistic regression showed that the unmarried or married females(OR=3.534,95%CI:2.163-5.773),body mass index(BMI)≥24.0 kg/m^(2)(OR=1.446,95%CI:1.152-1.814),farmers(OR=1.311,95%CI:1.004-1.711)and cooking with gaseous fuels(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.063-1.685)could increase the risk of female passive smoking;family incomes≤4000 yuan(OR=0.579,95%CI:0.418-0.802),age≥50 years old(OR=0.666,95%CI:0.517-0.858),and drinking tap water(OR=0.661,95%CI:0.483-0.904)could decrease the risk of female passive smoking.Conclusion In Huaihe river basin,the passive smoking rate of rural females is higher,the spouses smoking at home is the main cause,it should strength the health education for young females,married females,female farmers and their spouses to reduce the exposure to the tobacco in rural females.

关 键 词：被动吸烟 农村居民 女性 相关因素 淮河流域 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]