夫妻一方股权的归属与行使研究——基于个体法与团体法辩证关系的分析  

A Study on Vesting and Exercising of One Spouse's Equity--An Analysis based on Dialectical Relationship between Individual and Organization Legal Systems

作　　者：林芳 章光园 Lin Fang;Zhang Guangyuan

机构地区：[1]江西旅游商贸职业学院科研处 [2]江西省高级人民法院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2021年第6期217-231,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：夫妻一方股权是指夫妻关系存续期间,以夫妻共同财产出资或受让取得,登记于夫或妻一方名下,并以夫或妻一方的名义享有行使的股权。夫妻一方股权虽然是基于夫妻共同财产出资或受让取得,但其性质仍属于团体法上的社员权,与个体法上的财产权不同,不能直接认定为夫妻共同财产。夫妻一方股权属于夫或妻一方的股权,法律并未将夫妻结合形成的共同体视为独立的主体,也就不存在与之对应的“夫妻股”。根据《公司法》的规定,夫妻一方股权由股东享有行使,股东的配偶未经授权无权行使,即便基于家事代理权和股权代持也是如此。从《民法典》关于共有的规定分析,将夫妻一方股权视为共有股权存在行使障碍,而且从法理逻辑、立法规定与司法实践来看,也不存在一般意义上的股权共有,所以不宜认定夫妻一方股权为共有股权并可共同行使。As for the equity of one spouse,it is the equity that is obtained through capital contribution or transfer of the joint property of the couple in the duration of the relationship,which is registered in the name of the husband or wife,and the equity exercised in the name of the husband or wife.In nature it still belongs to the right of members in the group law though the equity of one spouse is acquired based on the contribution or transfer of the joint property of the couple,which exists difference with the property right in the individual law and cannot be directly recognized as the joint property of the couple.When it comes to the equity of one spouse,it belongs to the equity of either the husband or the wife.What's more,the law does not regard the community formed by the union of the couple as an independent subject,so the corresponding"husband and wife shares"do not exist.According to the stipulation in Company Law,the equity of one spouse is enjoyed by the shareholders,and the shareholder's spouse has no right to exercise without authorization,even if it is based on family agency rights and equity holdings.In line with the analysis on the provisions of joint ownership in Civil Code,the obstacles exist for the exercise of the equity of one spouse as a joint equity of the couple.In terms of legal logic,legislative provisions and judicial practice,the common equity joint ownership does not exist either,so it is not appropriate to identify the equity of one spouse as a joint equity of the couple for joint exercise.

关 键 词：夫妻一方股权 夫妻共同财产 社员权 个体法 团体法 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学] D923.9[政治法律—法学]