A re-evaluation of the Chaetothyriales using criteria of comparative biology  

作　　者：Yu Quan Lucia Muggia Leandro F.Moreno Meizhu Wang Abdullah M.S.Al-Hatmi Nickolas da Silva Menezes Dongmei Shi Shuwen Deng Sarah Ahmed Kevin D.Hyde Vania A.Vicente Yingqian Kang JBenjamin Stielow Sybren de Hoog 

机构地区：[1]Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital,Nijmegen,The Netherlands [2]Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education of Guizhou&Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,China [3]College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Guizhou Institute of Technology,Guiyang,China [4]Department of Life Sciences,University of Trieste,Trieste,Italy [5]Amsterdam Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands [6]Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi,Hilversum,The Netherlands [7]Ministry of Health,Directorate General of Health Services,Ibri,Oman [8]Postgraduate Program in Microbiology,Parasitology and Pathology,Biological Sciences,Department of Basic Pathology,Federal University of Parana,Curitiba,Brazil [9]Department of Dermatology&Laboratory of Medical Mycology,Jining No.1 People’s Hospital,Jining,Shandong,China [10]Department of Medical Microbiology,People’s Hospital of Suzhou National New&Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone,Suzhou,China [11]Center of Excellence in Fungal Diversity,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai,Thailand [12]Thermo Fisher Diagnostics,Specialty Diagnostics Group,Landsmeer,The Netherlands [13]Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang,China [14]Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program,Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology,Federal University of Parana,Curitiba,Brazil

出　　处：《Fungal Diversity》2020年第4期47-85,共39页真菌多样性（英文）

基　　金：thank China Scholarship Council for financial support for Y.Q.(Number 201708520100).

摘　　要：Chaetothyriales is an ascomycetous order within Eurotiomycetes.The order is particularly known through the black yeasts and filamentous relatives that cause opportunistic infections in humans.All species in the order are consistently melanized.Ecology and habitats of species are highly diverse,and often rather extreme in terms of exposition and toxicity.Families are defined on the basis of evolutionary history,which is reconstructed by time of divergence and concepts of comparative biology using stochastical character mapping and a multi-rate Brownian motion model to reconstruct ecological ancestral character states.Ancestry is hypothesized to be with a rock-inhabiting life style.Ecological disparity increased significantly in late Jurassic,probably due to expansion of cytochromes followed by colonization of vacant ecospaces.Dramatic diversification took place subsequently,but at a low level of innovation resulting in strong niche conservatism for extant taxa.Families are ecologically different in degrees of specialization.One of the clades has adapted ant domatia,which are rich in hydrocarbons.In derived families,similar processes have enabled survival in domesticated environments rich in creosote and toxic hydrocarbons,and this ability might also explain the pronounced infectious ability of vertebrate hosts observed in these families.Conventional systems of morphological classification poorly correspond with recent phylogenetic data.Species are hypothesized to have low competitive ability against neighboring microbes,which interferes with their laboratory isolation on routine media.The dataset is unbalanced in that a large part of the extant biodiversity has not been analyzed by molecular methods,novel taxonomic entities being introduced at a regular pace.Our study comprises all available species sequenced to date for LSU and ITS,and a nomenclatural overview is provided.A limited number of species could not be assigned to any extant family.

关 键 词：Black yeasts PHYLOGENY ECOLOGY Ancestral reconstruction Evolution NOMENCLATURE 

分 类 号：O17[理学—数学]