核桃园土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性及接种效应  

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with walnut trees and their effect on seedling growth

作　　者：卯吉华 李荣波 景跃波 宁德鲁 李勇鹏 陈海云 MAO Jihua;LI Rongbo;JING Yuebo;NING Delu;LI Yongpeng;CHEN Haiyun(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2022年第1期71-80,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：云南省科技重大专项子专题"核桃菌根菌剂开发与应用项目"(2018ZG001-03);国家自然科学基金项目"不同耕作方式下油橄榄AMF多样性及磷素利用效率研究"(31760222);植物营养与林木菌根真菌研究利用学科团队项目(LKYTD-2018-6)。

摘　　要：为探明核桃园土壤中丛枝菌根真菌群落组成和多样性,揭示土著丛枝菌根真菌(NAMF)对核桃幼苗生长、光合作用以及养分吸收的影响,以云南省临沧市临翔区核桃种植园10年生核桃作为研究对象,采集其根系及根际土壤,运用菌根形态学的研究方法,研究了核桃根系中丛枝菌根真菌的共生状况,以及根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的群落组成和多样性。在此基础上,通过盆栽接种试验,研究根际土壤中NAMF对核桃幼苗的接种效应。结果表明,核桃植株根系中丛枝菌根真菌侵染率较高,平均总侵染率达80.67%,土壤中平均孢子密度为21个·g^(-1),从根际土壤中共分离到7属16种丛枝菌根真菌,其中悬钩子硬囊霉为最优势种类,相对多度为25.39%。结果表明,接种丛枝菌根真菌对核桃根系与丛枝菌根真菌共生具有积极促进作用,显著促进了核桃幼苗株高、地径、根系的生长及生物量积累,提高了核桃幼苗的光合能力和水分利用效率,促进植物体P、N、K等营养元素的吸收,且NAMF的接种效果优于外来的商品化丛枝菌根真菌(CAMF)。The Linxiang District of Lincang City is one of the main walnut cultivation areas of Yunnan Province.We analyzed the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus associated with walnut plantation in the Linxiang district.We assayed the effectiveness of the native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(NAMF)consortia on walnut seedling growth.We sampled the soil from a 10-year-old walnut plantation.The mycorrhizal colonization was determined by clearing and staining the roots with blue ink and extracting and counting the spores to identify the morphospecies.High mycorrhizal colonization existed in the walnut plants roots,with an average colonizing percentage of 80.67%.The average spore density in the walnut rhizosphere was 21 spores per gram of air-dried soil.Sixteen arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-morphospecies were identified.Sclerocystis rubiformis was the most dominant species,with a relative abundance of 25.39%.The results of a greenhouse pot culture experiment revealed that the addition of rhizosphere soil to the growing medium(the NAMF consortium inoculation)effectively promoted walnut seedling growth.The height,diameter and biomass of inoculated seedlings were substantially higher than the control seedlings without any inoculation.The inoculated seedlings possessed an enhanced absorption of N,P and K.The was enhanced,the inoculated seedlings also showed significantly improved physical parameter results such as photosynthesis and water absorption.Moreover,the addition of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus consortia produced better seedlings than seedlings raised with a commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(CAMF)inoculum.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌多样性 核桃 接种效应 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]