碳中和背景下内燃机低碳和零碳技术路径及关键技术  

Low carbon and zero carbon technology paths and key technologies of ICEs under the background of carbon neutrality

作　　者：帅石金[1] 王志[1] 马骁[1] 徐宏明[2] 何鑫 王建昕[1] SHUAI Shijin;WANG Zhi;MA Xiao;XU Hongming;HE Xin;WANG Jianxin(State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Vehicle and Engine Technology Research Centre,University of Birmingham,Birmingham B152TT,UK;Aramco Americas:Aramco Research Center-Detroit,Novi MI 48377 USA)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]英国伯明翰大学车辆和发动机研究中心,伯明翰B152TT,英国 [3]沙特阿美美洲公司,密歇根州诺维市48377,美国

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2021年第4期417-439,共23页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51976101,52076118,51976100);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFB0106000)。

摘　　要：自2020年9月中国在七十五届联合国大会上承诺“2030年碳达峰、2060年碳中和”以来,世界主要国家和地区2016年签署的《巴黎协定》控制全球气温上升幅度及采取碳中和政策和行动进入加速期。内燃机作为量大面广的道路、非道路移动机械和国防装备主导动力,在近中期肩负节能减排重要使命的同时,也面临着未来如何实现碳中和的巨大挑战和重要机遇。本文在分析欧、美、日、中等主要地区和国家碳中和政策和行动的基础上,提出并论述了内燃机近中期低碳和中远期零碳的两条技术路径及其可行性,以及内燃机使用生物质燃料、绿氢、绿氨和绿电合成液体燃料(e-fuel)等碳中和燃料需要解决的关键技术,旨在为内燃机的未来探索可持续发展之路。现有研究表明:内燃机作为一种高效高功率密度的燃料化学能转化为机械能的热力机,通过与电动化和智能化技术结合仍有较大的节能提升空间;内燃机相比氢燃料电池动力,产业链更完整,技术成熟度更高,成本更低,未来通过燃用碳中和燃料的新能源内燃机,仍可以在重型卡车、工程机械、船舶、航空等大型动力装备以及混合动力系统中得到大规模应用,促进中国能源和交通领域早日实现碳中和。Since China promised to“reach the carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060”at the 75th United Nations General Assembly in September 2020,the Paris Agreement signed by major countries and regions in 2016 has controlled the rise of global temperature and accelerated carbon neutrality policies and actions.As the leading power of a large number of road and non-road mobile machinery and national defense equipment,internal combustion engine(ICE)not only undertakes the important mission of energy saving and emission reduction in the near and medium term,but also faces great challenges and important opportunities on how to achieve carbon neutrality in the future.Based on the analysis of carbon neutrality policies and actions in major European countries,America,Japan and China,this paper puts forward two technical paths and their feasibility of low-carbon and zero carbon of ICE in the near and medium term,as well as the key technologies to be solved for zero carbon ICE fueled by biomass fuel,green hydrogen,green ammonia and green electricity synthesized fuel(e-fuel).It aims to explore the road of sustainable development for the future of ICE.Existing research shows that ICE,as an efficient and high power density thermal engine for converting chemical energy into mechanical energy,still has a large room for energy saving through the combination of electrification and intelligent technologies.Compared with fuel cell power,ICE has a more complete industrial chain,higher technical maturity and lower cost.By utilizing zero carbon fuels,ICE can still be widely used in large-scale power equipment such as heavy trucks,construction machinery,ships and aviation,so as to promote the early realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China’s energy and transportation field.

关 键 词：内燃机 碳中和 技术路径 节能减排技术 

分 类 号：TK411.257[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]